短期苯暴露对工人外周血象及淋巴细胞染色体的损伤  

Effect of Short-term Benzene Exposure on Peripheral Blood and Chromosomal Damage among Workers

作　　者：王学生[1] 刘楠[1] 关维俊[1] 庞淑兰[1] 白玉萍[1] 徐国卉[1] 刘英莉[1] 

机构地区：[1]华北煤炭医学院预防医学系/河北省煤矿卫生与安全实验室,河北唐山063000

出　　处：《环境与职业医学》2010年第8期464-467,共4页Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine

基　　金：科技部社会公益研究专项项目(编号:2005DE101439)

摘　　要：[目的]探讨短期苯暴露对鞋厂工人外周血象及淋巴细胞染色体的损伤。[方法]测定作业场所空气中苯浓度，检查203名苯暴露工人（暴露组）与当地未暴露苯和其他有毒有害物质的178名健康工人（对照组）的血常规指标。应用外周血淋巴细胞胞质分裂阻滞微核（CBMN）试验结果评价研究对象外周血淋巴细胞染色体损伤。[结果]暴露组外周血红细胞计数（RBC）、血细胞比（HCT）、血小板计数（PLT）、红细胞分布活力（RDW）降低的阳性率和平均红细胞血红蛋白含量（MCH）、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度（MCHC）异常率与对照组比较，差异均有统计学意义，χ2值分别为38．21、21．37、18．02、22．17、36．59、41．23，P均〈0．01；将暴露组按接苯工龄分为≤8个月、9～15个月和16～24个月3组，中性粒细胞（GRAN）减少的阳性率随着工龄的增长而有增高的趋势，且差异具有统计学意义（F=7．47，P〈0．05）；进一步按性别分类，发现暴露组女工HCT、平均红细胞体积（MCV）、PLT、血红蛋白含量（HGB）、RDW异常率明显高于男工，矿值分别为21．04、36．26、6．94、71．62、12．91，P均〈0．01。暴露组CBMN率[（2．98±1．49）‰]明显高于对照组[（0．39±0．72）‰]，P〈0．001。[结论]短期苯暴露对作业工人的血液系统及染色体损伤有一定影响，并且上述指标的改变早于白细胞的异常，在职业性苯中毒的早期诊断中具有一定意义。[ Objective ] To investigate the effect of short-term benzene exposure on human peripheral blood and cell genotoxicity. [ Methods ] Benzene concentrations in the air of workplaces were determined. Blood routine indices were examined in peripheral blood in 203 workers of a shoemaking factory who were exposed to benzene, and their chromosomal damage of peripheral blood lymphocyte were evaluated with cytokinesis-block micronucleus （CBMN）method. A total of 178 workers who weren＇t exposed to benzene and other toxic substances served as control group. [ Results ] Compared with the control group, the abnormality ratio of red blood cell （ RBC ）, hematocrit （ HCT ）, platelet count （ PLT ）, red cell distribution width （ RDW ）, mean corpuscular hemoglobin （ MCH ） and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration （ MCHC ） of benzene exposed group showed significantly decrease, were 38.21, 21.37, 18.02, 22.17, 36.59 and 41.23, respectively（ P 〈 0.01 ）. Two hundred and three exposed subjects were divided into three groups by their length of service（ ~〈 8 months, 9-15 months and 16-24 months ）, stratification analysis found that significant associations between the abnormality ratio of granulocyte （ GRAN ） and the length of service（ F = 7.47, P 〈 0.05 ）existed. The abnormality of HCT, mean corpuscular volume（ MCV ）, PLT, hemoglobin（ HGB ） and RDW in females were significantly higher than that in males, χ2=21.04, 36.26, 6.94, 71.62, 12.91, P 〈 0.01, respectively. The lymphocyte chromosomal damage level expressed as frequency of CBMN in benzene exposed workers was significantly higher than that in controls[（ 2.98 ±1.49 ）‰, vs（ 0.39 ±0.72 ） ‰, P 〈 0.001 ]. [ Conclusion ] Short-term benzene exposure is an occupational hazard to workers＇ blood system and cell genotoxicity. The changes in the above-mentioned indices are shown earlier than the decrease of leucocytes.

关 键 词：苯 鞋厂工人 外周血 分裂阻滞微核试验 淋巴细胞染色体损伤 

分 类 号：R114[医药卫生—卫生毒理学]