紫外线(UV)照射禾顶囊壳生物学效应的研究  

THE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF ULTRAVIOLET RAY (UV) RADIATION ON Gaeumannomyces graminis

作　　者：袁红旭[1] 商鸿生[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农业大学植物保护

出　　处：《核农学报》1999年第2期94-99,共6页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：陕西省科技攻关项目

摘　　要：紫外线照射禾谷顶囊壳（Ｇａｅｕｍａｎｎｏｍｙｃｅｓｇｒａｍｉｎｉｓｖａｒ．Ｔｒｉｔｉｃｉ）的子囊孢子，孢子存活率随照射剂量的增加而呈指数下降，剂量效应关系式符合Ｓ＝ｅ－λＤ（Ｓ为存活率；Ｄ为照射剂量）。受ＵＶ照射后，孢子萌发率也随照射时间增加呈指数下降，处理孢子可产生各种畸形芽管；形态正常的芽管也较对照生长缓慢。研究结果还表明，紫外照射后，病菌出现细胞壁破裂和细胞质外渗现象，这种现象随着照射剂量增加而增加。紫外线处理使一些孢子致病性下降。在一定剂量范围内，延长照射时间可增加弱致病性突变体出现的几率，但过大剂量的辐射则降低了这一几率。照射时间为１０～１５ｍｉｎ，即存活率为０１５～０１０时。The results of the experiment on the UV radiated ascospores of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici indicated that the viability of radiated spores decreased markly. The spore germintion rate and survive rate were exponential reduced with the increase of UV dose. The dose viability formula met the model of S=e -λD (S:survival rate, D:UV dose). The germ tubers of treated spores grew slowly and were deformed. UV radiation caused the break of the cell wall. The responses were more obvious with the increase of the radiation time. The fungus pathogenicity was reduced and mutants with low pathogenicity were induced by UV treatment. With lower UV dose, the probability of occurences of mutants with low pathogenicity increased as UV radiation was prolonged. When the time of UV radiation was 1 0～1 5min(survival rate was 0 1～0 15),the probability was high.

关 键 词：禾顶囊壳 生物效应 紫外线照射 作物 真菌 小麦 

分 类 号：S435.12[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] S432.44[农业科学—植物保护]