我国天然气价格改革浅析  

A Brief Analysis of China's Natural Gas Price Reform

作　　者：董秀成[1] 佟金辉[1] 李君臣[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(北京)工商管理学院,北京102249

出　　处：《中外能源》2010年第9期6-10,共5页Sino-Global Energy

摘　　要：我国现行的以成本加成法为基础的天然气定价机制使天然气价格偏低,从而影响了天然气的进口,造成终端消费市场的过度发展,不利于天然气企业进行成本管理,天然气定价机制改革已迫在眉睫。国外天然气价格成功改革的经验为我国提供了借鉴,但俄罗斯模式和日韩模式都不适合于中国。美国、加拿大、英国等国家天然气定价机制都经历了3个阶段,即传统固定价格阶段、天然气价值定价阶段、竞争性市场形成阶段。我国正处于天然气价格改革的第一阶段末期,应参考美国、加拿大等国的经验改革现有的天然气定价机制,建立与竞争性能源价格挂钩的定价方式,按照热值当量法计算天然气与其他竞争能源的比价关系;最终目标应是建立竞争性的市场,天然气价格由市场竞争形成。建议天然气下游利用加权定价法计算天然气终端价格,中游利用"两部制"法制定管输费,上游利用净回值法制定出厂价。同时,应制定天然气产业链一体化协调发展的相关政策,建立并完善天然气监管机构,及时处理天然气上中下游利益分配问题,制定高效的天然气价格听证会制度。Under the cost-plus-based natural gas pricing mechanism currently in place in China,natural gas prices are lower than the level they should be on.This has affected the country′s natural gas imports and led to an overdevelopment of the end-user market,which is adverse to gas enterprises′ cost management.Reforming gas prices is now an issue of high priority for the natural gas industry.China can draw on foreign countries′ successful experience on gas price reform.The modes of gas price reform in Russia ,Japan and South Korea do no suit China.The natural gas pricing mechanisms of the United States ,Canada and the United Kingdom have undergone three phases of development-traditional fixed price ,gas value-based pricing and the formation of competitive markets.China is now in the late stage of the first phase of natural gas pricing reform and should draw on US and Canadian experience in reforming its natural gas prices to establish a pricing mechanism linked to competitive energy prices.The price relations between natural gas and other competitive energy sources should be established using equivalent heat value.The ultimate objective should be the establishment of competitive markets and let natural gas prices determined by market forces.This article suggests for the downstream sector,gas prices for end users be set using weighting pricing method;for the midstream sector pipeline transportation fees be set using two-part pricing method ;and for the upstream sector the ex-factory price be set using net back method.According to the article ,the government should formulate incentive policies to promote the harmonious development of all links of the natural gas industrial chain,establish and improve natural gas regulatory bodies,work on solutions to the allocation of interest among the upstream,midstream and downstream sectors of the natural gas industry and establish an efficient natural gas pricing hearing system.

关 键 词：天然气 定价机制 竞争性市场 加权定价法 净回值法 监管 听证会制度 

分 类 号：F426.2[经济管理—产业经济]