传记、小说和历史的奏鸣曲——论《奥兰多》的后现代主义叙事特征  

Biography,Fiction,and History:Postmodern Narrative Features of Orlando

作　　者：秦海花[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学外国语学院

出　　处：《国外文学》2010年第3期131-138,共8页Foreign Literatures

摘　　要：《奥兰多:一部传记》是弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫创作的一部颇具特色的历史传记小说。作品采用传记的形式和体例,以真实的史料和人物生平为依据,但又将"虚构"有机地融入"纪实"中,在文类上模糊了传记和小说之间的界限,是对传记创作的革新。同时,作品又对传记进行戏仿,展示和评论传记创作的过程,揭示了传统传记创作的局限性,因此带有元小说的自我反思性。另外,《奥兰多》用戏谑的手法对传记和历史的"真实性"以及史学的因果阐释关系提出质疑,使历史文本化、叙事化。因此,《奥兰多》可以看作是传记、小说和历史之间相互作用、相互包含的结果,是这几重声音的奏鸣。所有这一切使《奥兰多》带有后现代主义叙事特征,体现了伍尔夫在创作理念上的前瞻性。Orlando：A Biography is a generically unique novel written by Virginia Woolf.It adopts the form of biography and is based on real historical events and the life stories of real people.However,it welds＂the fictive＂and＂the real＂,thus trespassing the generic border between biography and novel,a renovation of the traditional biography writing.Through the parodic use of biography,Orlando tries to lay bare and comment on the writing process of this genre,which renders the work a metafictional self-reflexivity.Furthermore,Orlando challenges biographical and historical truth and the causal link made by historians,highlighting the textualization of history.By projecting the history of Britain onto the private life of Orlando,Woolf endeavors to reflect on and re-write history.Thus,Orlando can be regarded as a precursor of postmodern fiction.

关 键 词：《奥兰多》 后现代主义叙事 文类模糊性 自我反思性 历史文本化 

分 类 号：I561[文学—其他各国文学]