多作稻田生态系统对稻纵卷叶螟及其天敌功能团的影响  

Effects of polycultural manipulation on population dynamics of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera:Pyralidae) and its natural enemies in rice-based ecosystems

作　　者：林胜[1] 杨广[1] 尤民生[1] 姚凤銮[1] 

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学应用生态研究所,福州350002

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2010年第7期754-766,共13页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：国家"973"计划项目(2006CB100204);国家科技支撑计划项目(2008BADA5B01);国家自然科学基金项目(30570309;30871649)

摘　　要：为探明稻田与非稻田生境时空配置对稻纵卷叶螟Cnaphalocrocis medinalis(Guenée)及其天敌功能团产生的生态学效应,分别于2007和2008年的中稻期,在福建省武夷山试验基地,采用室内观察法、田间剥查法和吸虫器法,系统调查了水稻多作系统和水稻单作系统内稻纵卷叶螟种群及其寄生蜂功能团和捕食性节肢动物个体数量的时序动态;同时通过陷阱诱集法,调查了多作和单作稻田生境边界地表捕食性节肢动物(蜘蛛和昆虫)个体数量的时序动态,以及多作系统中,捕食性节肢动物在稻田和非稻田生境间的迁移动态。结果表明:与辣椒、生姜、玉米和花生等镶嵌种植的稻田,其稻纵卷叶螟幼虫及其寄生蜂功能团个体数量较单一稻田差异不大,而捕食性节肢动物则明显少于单作稻田,但多作稻田边界较单作稻田边界有更多的捕食性节肢动物个体数量(2007年:多作稻田边界1984～2294个体,单作稻田边界1479个体;2008年:多作稻田边界3417～4178个体,单作稻田边界2423个体)。究其原因,主要由于多作系统中捕食性节肢动物更偏好从稻田向非稻田生境迁移,其中捕食性昆虫效应更明显。To explore the effects of the mosaic arrangement of paddy and non-paddy habitats on the rice leaf folder [Cnaphalocrocis medinalis （Guenée）, RLF] and its natural enemies, experiments were carried out during 2007 and 2008 by outdoor sampling, using suction sampler and pitfall trap, and indoor examining for identification and classification of the samples at the Wuyishan Experimental Station of Institute of Applied Ecology （IAE）, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University （FAFU）. The polycultural manipulations were arranged by mosaic patterns of paddy plots intercropped with non-paddy plots, which included the plants of chili, ginger, maize and peanut. Monocultural fields of paddy plants were set as controls. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the abundance of RLF and its parasitoid guild between polycultural and monocultural fields. The abundance of predatory arthropods （spiders and insects） in paddy within polycultural fields was significantly less than that within monocultural fields, but the results were reverse in paddy borders, with significantly higher ground-dwelling predators in polycultural fields. This may mainly be due to the preference of predatory arthropods, especially predatory insects, for migrating from paddy into non-paddy habitats within polycultural fields.

关 键 词：稻纵卷叶螟 单作 多作 寄生蜂 捕食性节肢动物 迁移动态 

分 类 号：Q968[生物学—昆虫学]