灰枣开花生物学特性研究  

Flowering Biological Characteristics of Zizyphus jujuba Mill.

作　　者：陆婷[1] 罗淑萍[2] 蒙敏 马燕[1] 李疆[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学林学与园艺学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [3]新疆克拉玛依农业综合开发区管委会,克拉玛依834000

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2010年第8期1589-1594,共6页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑项目(2007BAD36B01-3);新疆自治区重大科技专项(200731136)

摘　　要：通过田间定位观察、MTT检测和扫描电镜观察等方法对灰枣的开花生物学特性进行了观察,探讨其生殖成功基础.结果表明：（1）灰枣单花寿命约33 h;（2）灰枣花粉胚珠比为15 196±4 290;（3）花粉活力在散粉后7 d内相对较高,12 d后所有花粉丧失活性;（4）从蕾裂期到花瓣雄蕊分离期雌蕊两心皮聚拢,此后在花瓣展平期柱头开始分离,柱头在分离后开始具有强可授性;（5）花柱分离后,位于腹缝线两侧的细胞也发育成柱头乳突,从而增加了可接受花粉的面积;（6）花药散粉早于柱头可授期,花粉不能自发落置在柱头上,表现出雌雄异熟和雌雄空间异位的花部特征.The flowering biological characteristics were studied with Huizao（Zizyphus jujuba Mill.） by observing in the field,MTT test and scanning microscopy.The results were as follows：（1）The longevity of single flower was about 33 h.（2）The pollen-ovule ratio（P/O） was 151 967±4 290.（3）The pollen viability was relatively high in 7 days after pollen shedding and all the pollens lost viability 12 days later.（4）Two carpels congregated from bud broken stage to petal and stamen separate stage,and in the stage of petal flattened stigmas began to diverge.The stigmas showed high receptivity after the stigmas diverged.（5）The cells along the ventral slits developed into papillae cells of stigma after the styles diverged,and the area of stigma receptive surface was enhanced therefore.（6）Because the anthers dehisced before the stigma obtained the receptivity,the pollens could not locate on the stigma surface automatically.Therefore,Huizao has the floral manipulations of dichogamy and herkogamy.The results could provide theoretical support for high yield and cross breeding and fertility.

关 键 词：灰枣 开花动态 花粉活力 雌蕊形态 柱头可授性 

分 类 号：Q944.4[生物学—植物学]