螺旋环剥对幼龄‘桂味’荔枝果期光合和蒸腾作用的影响  

Effects of Trunk Spiral Girdling on Photosynthesis and Transpiration of Young‘Guiwei’Litchi During Fruit Development Period

作　　者：戴宏芬[1] 邱燕萍[1] 袁沛元[1] 李志强[1] 王晓容[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院果树研究所,广州510640

出　　处：《园艺学报》2010年第8期1241-1246,共6页Acta Horticulturae Sinica

基　　金：广东省科技厅科教攻关项目(2007A02030005-6;2008B020500002);国家荔枝产业技术体系项目(nycytx-32-10);广东省现代农业产业体系岭南水果项目(粤财教[2009]356);农业部荔枝行业科研专项(nyhyzx07-31)

摘　　要：以6年生幼龄‘桂味’荔枝(Litchi chinensis Sonn.‘Guiwei’)为试材,于5月果实发育期,从螺旋环剥处理和对照树上分别选取来自同一基枝的有果枝和无果枝,观察枝梢生长的情况并进行叶片光合和蒸腾作用的研究。结果表明:螺旋环剥有利坐果;螺旋环剥缩小有果叶与无果叶在光合效率上的差别,显著降低了叶片的最大光合速率(Amax)、表观量子效率(AQY)和羧化效率(CE),提高了光补偿点(LCP),削弱了光合效率;净光合速率(Pn)与蒸腾速率(Tr)极显著相关,螺旋环剥显著降低了叶片的Tr,Pn也下降但差异不显著,蒸腾作用减弱的程度比光合作用减弱的程度大;对照叶片的Pn和Tr日变化为单峰曲线型,14:00时达最高峰,螺旋环剥叶片的Pn和Tr在13:00时有明显的午休现象,气孔限制是午休的主要因素;相同处理的有果枝叶片,其日均Pn和Tr都高于无果枝叶片,说明果实的存在可提高‘桂味’荔枝的Pn和Tr。Trunk spiral girdling was done on young 6-year-old trees of Litchi chinensis Sonn. ＇Guiwei＇ in December in order to improve fruitset next year. During fruit development in May, effects of spiral girdling on photosynthesis and transpiration of leaves were investigated. The leaves were chosen from fruit-beating and sterile shoots stemming from the same branch on the spiral girdling treatment or control trees. Trunk spiral girdling was useful for fruitset while fruits on the control trees fell down. The difference of photosynthetic parameters between leaves and no fruit leaves was narrowed by spiral girdling. Compared with the control, the maximum leaf photosynthetic rate （An~,）, apparent quantum efficiency （AQY） and carboxylation efficiency （CE） were significantly reduced while light compensation point （LCP） was increased. It was deduced that spiral girdling decreased photosynthetic efficiency. Based on diurnal variation of net photosynthesis （Pn） and transpiration （Tr）, it was indicated that the extent of reduced Tr was more serious than Pn by spiral-girdling treatment. Pn was significantly relevant with Tr. Diurnal curves of Pn and Tr of the control exhibited a single peak at 14- 00. Pn and Tr of the treatment were shown a clear midday depression mainly caused by stoma limitation. The daily average of Pn and Tr of fruit-bearing leaves were higher than non-fruit-bearing leaves from the same treatment. It was suggested that fruit stimulate the increase of Pn and Tr.

关 键 词：荔枝 螺旋环剥 坐果 净光合速率 蒸腾速率 

分 类 号：S667.1[农业科学—果树学]