论中国古代苜蓿的栽培与利用  

Discussion on the Cultivation and Utilization of Alfalfa in Ancient China

作　　者：苗阳[1] 郑钢 卢欣石[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学草地资源与生态实验室,北京100083 [2]北京恒实房地产开发有限公司,北京101312

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2010年第17期403-407,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目"优质抗逆专用草新品种选育"课题(2006BAD01A19);"十一五"科技支撑子课题"苜蓿抗性鉴定及优异基因资源发掘"(2008BADB3B01-04)

摘　　要：苜蓿是世界上几个最古老的栽培作物之一,在中国有悠久的栽培利用史。笔者在研究历史文献的基础上,对我国古代苜蓿的栽培利用情况归纳出以下结论:第一,苜蓿在汉代由张骞引入我国,作为观赏植物和养马饲草在长安宫庭中栽植,随后种植范围逐步扩大。第二,我国古代已有一套完整的苜蓿栽培方法,并总结出苜蓿与粮食作物混作、林草间作、改良盐碱土壤等种植经验。第三,我国古代对苜蓿的利用方法主要有以下3个方面:①苜蓿被广为应用于饲喂牲畜,古代已有将苜蓿研磨成粉以备无青草季节共牲畜食用的技术。②苜蓿作为古代一种重要的救荒植物,其叶、种子均为人所食用,且制作方法丰富。③苜蓿作为一种重要的中药,其地上部分、地下部分均可入药,对多种疾病有疗效。上述结论可为现代苜蓿产业发展拓宽思路、提供借鉴。Alfalfa is one of the oldest cultivated crops in the world. It has been planting and using for a very long time in China. Based on the study of historical documents on the cultivation and usage of alfalfa in ancient China, the auther summarized the following conclusions： First, alfalfa was introduced to China by Zhang Qian in Han dynasty, and it was used as ornamental plants and forage for horses planting in the court in Changan. After that, planting alfalfa was gradually expanded to other areas in ancient China. Second, people in ancient China had a complete set of methods on alfalfa cultivation. They also concluded many experiences on mixed cultivation with food crops, forest and grass intercropping, and improving saline-alkali soil, and so on. Third, there were three major aspects of the usage of alfalfa in ancient China： ①alfalfa was widely used in feeding livestock. For instance, the technology of grinding alfalfa into powder for livestock in grassless season had been developed in the ancient time. ②alfalfa was an important food in famine time in the history as its leaves and seeds can be eaten and cooked in various ways. ③alfalfa is also an significant traditional Chinese medication. Both aboveground and underground parts of alfalfa can be used as medicine. It is very helpful for curing diseases. The above conclusions may inspire people broadening their thinking and provide references for improving the modern alfalfa industry.

关 键 词：历史 苜蓿 栽培 利用 

分 类 号：S54[农业科学—作物学]