苯作业工人外周血象与染色体损伤的观察  

Effect of short-term benzene exposure on peripheral blood cells and chromosomal damage in workers of shoemaking factory

作　　者：刘楠[1] 关维俊[1] 庞淑兰[1] 白玉萍[1] 徐国卉[1] 刘英莉[1] 

机构地区：[1]华北煤炭医学院预防医学系/河北省煤矿卫生与安全实验室,河北唐山063000

出　　处：《中国工业医学杂志》2010年第4期262-265,共4页Chinese Journal of Industrial Medicine

摘　　要：目的探讨苯接触对鞋厂工人外周血象及细胞遗传学损伤效应的影响。方法测定作业场所空气中苯浓度,检查265名苯接触工人与178名对照的外周血WBC、Hb、PLT等指标。应用外周血淋巴细胞＂胞质分裂阻滞微核（CBMN）试验＂评价研究对象外周血淋巴细胞染色体损伤。结果苯接触组工人外周血RBC、HCT、MCH、MCV、PLT、RDW和MCHC异常率与对照组比较,差异具有统计学意义,χ2值分别为36.17、21.05、33.36、12.57、20.56、26.31、39.27,P均〈0.01;其中将接触组按接苯工龄分为≤1年、1~2年和〉2年3组,MCV、Hb异常率随着工龄的增长而有增高的趋势,且差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;进一步按性别分类,发现苯接触组女工HCT、MCH、MCV、PLT、Hb、RDW异常率显著高于男工,χ2值分别为30.66、17.95、32.19、10.28、65.38、26.52,P均〈0.01。苯接触组CBMN率（3.04±1.87）‰,P〈0.001,显著高于对照组[（0.39±0.72）‰]。结论短期苯接触对作业工人的血液系统及染色体损伤有一定影响,并且上述指标的改变早于白细胞的异常,在职业性苯中毒的早期诊断中具有一定意义。Objective To explore the effects of short-term benzene exposure on peripheral blood cells and cytogenetics.Methods The benzene concentrations in the air of workplace were determined by HPLC,and the peripheral blood samples from 265 benzene workers from shoemaking factory and 178 workers without benzene exposure were collected for detection of white blood cell,platelet and hemoglobin,and cytokinesis-block micronucleus（CBMN） test was also used to evaluate the chromosomal damage in peripheral blood lymphocyte.Results Compared with those in control group,the abnormal rates of RBC,HCT,MCH,MCV,PLT,RDW and MCHC in benzene exposed workers were increased significantly,the values of χ2 were 36.17,21.05,33.36,12.57,20.56,26.31 and 39.27,respectively.On the other hand,the rates of abnormal MCV and Hb were service length dependent（P 0.05）.In addition,the rates of abnormal HCT,MCH,MCV,PLT,Hb and RDW in female workers were significantly higher than those in male workers.The positive frequency of CBMN test in benzene exposed group was significantly higher than that in control group（P 0.001）.Conclusions It was suggested that short-term benzene exposure could impair blood system and possess some genotoxicity,female workers are more sensitive to benzene exposure than that of male workers.Additionally,the change mentioned above was earlier than the decrease of leucocytes,suggested these indices may be more sensitive to chronic benzene poisoning.

关 键 词：苯 鞋厂工人 外周血 胞质分裂阻滞微核(CBMN)试验 

分 类 号：R135.12[医药卫生—劳动卫生]