二氧化碳中毒研究进展  

Research progress on carbon dioxide poisoning

作　　者：杜旭芹[1] 郝凤桐[1] 

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院职业病与中毒医学科,北京100020

出　　处：《中国工业医学杂志》2010年第4期273-276,共4页Chinese Journal of Industrial Medicine

基　　金：科技部科研院所社会公益项目(编号:200802020)

摘　　要：二氧化碳广泛应用于工业生产中,其中毒事件时有发生。CO2急性暴露浓度大于5%时会对机体产生不利的影响,致死浓度大于10%-17%。急性CO2中毒的临床特征取决于接触的浓度和时间,会引起心血管、呼吸、神经系统损害。长期慢性接触浓度小于5%的CO2,对机体几乎不会产生明显损害。干冰在固定的空间快速升华会产生大量的二氧化碳,导致急性中毒;也可以通过直接接触导致皮肤灼伤。二氧化碳中毒需要立即脱离有毒环境,吸氧,有条件时予以高压氧治疗,并予以适当的对症支持治疗。干冰灼伤治疗上应按烧伤处理,严重者需行外科治疗。Carbon dioxide is widely used in industry,and the poisoning events occur frequently.The adverse effects may happen when the concentration of CO2 reaches 5% or more,the lethal concentration should be over 10%~17%.The clinical manifestation of acute carbon dioxide poisoning depends on the concentration and duration of carbon dioxide exposure,including the impairments in cardiovascular,respiratory,and neurological systems.Long term exposure to less than 5% carbon dioxide nearly has no hazard effect.Sublimation of dry ice in a static space can produce large amount of gaseous carbon dioxide,which may induce acute poisoning;besides,the direct contact of skin to dry ice may induce skin injury.Removing patients as soon as possible from poisonous environment,oxygen inspiration or hyperbaric oxygen,appropriate symptomatic and supportive cares should be necessary in the emergency treatment of acute carbon dioxide poisoning.Burns induced by dry ice may be treated according to the therapy principle for thermal burns,the severe patient also requires surgical intervention.

关 键 词：二氧化碳 中毒 接触 干冰 

分 类 号：R135.14[医药卫生—劳动卫生]