黄土高原主要灌木树种蒸腾特性研究  

Transpiration Characteristics of Main Shrub Species for Soil Conservation on the Loess Plateau

作　　者：隋旭红[1] 张建军[1,2] 周晓新[1] 芦倩[1] 王婷[1] 王清玉[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083 [2]水土保持与荒漠化防治教育部重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2010年第4期40-45,共6页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：十一五国家科技支撑项目"黄土高原半湿润区水土保持植被恢复技术试验示范"(2006BAD03A1204);日本住友财团研究助成基金(The Sumitomo Foundation)项目"中国黄土高原水土保持林蒸发散及合理密度研究"(083085)

摘　　要：采用精度为0.001g的精密电子天平和露点水势仪研究了荚迷、绣线菊、虎榛子和丁香的叶片含水量日变化、蒸腾速率日变化、叶水势日变化及蒸腾速率与气象因子的关系。结果表明,4种灌木树种早晚的叶片含水量高于中午,最低值出现在10:00—14:00之间,日变幅(晴天—阴天)大小顺序为:荚迷(125.2%～114.2%)>丁香(110.3%～59.8%)>绣线菊(86.8%～46.9%)>虎榛子(85.4%～35.2%);叶鲜重与叶面积可用指数曲线进行拟合;日最大蒸腾速率(晴天—阴天)大小顺序为:荚迷(4.017～3.226mmol/(m2.s))>丁香(5.628～2.918mmol/(m2.s))>绣线菊(3.742～2.908mmol/(m2.s))>虎榛子(3.174～2.035mmol/(m2.s);日平均蒸腾速率(晴天—阴天)大小顺序为>荚迷(2.687～2.252mmol/(m2.s))>丁香(2.652～2.058mmol/(m2.s))>绣线菊(2.215～1.649mmol/(m2.s))>虎榛子(1.864～1.423mmol/(m2.s));4种灌木叶水势日变化呈波浪型,叶水势与蒸腾速率负相关,可用对数曲线拟合;不同天气条件下影响各灌木树种蒸腾速率的主要因子不同。Leaf water content,daily change of transpiration rate,leaf water potential,and the correlation of transpiration rate and environmental factors for Viburnum rhytidophyllum Hemsl,Spiraea trilobata,Ostryopsis davidiana,and Syringa oblata were studied by using precision Electronic Balance with the accuracy of 0.001 g and dew point microvokmeter. Results showed that the leaf water content in the morning and evening was higher than that at noon and its minimum lowest point was observed between 10：00 and 14：00. By the daily variation amplitude （sunny—cloudy）,the species were in the following descending order：Viburnum rhytidophyllum Hemsl （125.2%～114.2%）〉Syringa oblata （110.3%～59.8%）〉Spiraea trilobata （86.8%～46.9%）,〉Ostryopsis davidiana （85.4%～35.2%）. The relationship between fresh weight and leaf area can be fitted by exponential curve. By the daily maximum transpiration rate （sunny—cloudy）,the species were in the following order：Viburnum rhytidophyllum Hemsl 〔4.017～3.226 mmol/（m^2·s）〕〉Syringa oblata 〔5.628～2.918 mmol/（m^2·s）〕〉Spiraea trilobata 〔3.742～2.908 mmol/（m^2·s）〕〉Ostryopsis davidiana 〔3.174～2.035 mmol/（m^2·s）〕. By the average transpiration rate （sunny—cloudy）,the species were in the following order：Viburnum rhytidophyllum Hemsl 〔2.687～2.252 mmol/（m^2·s〕〉Syringa oblata 〔2.652～2.058 mmol/（m^2·s）〕〉Spiraea trilobata 〔2.215～1.649 mmol/（m^2·s）〕〉Ostryopsis davidiana 〔1.864～1.423 mmol/（m^2·s）〕. The diurnal variation of leaf water potential presented a waveform curve. Leaf water potential and transpiration were negatively related and the relationship between them can be fitted by logarithmic curve. The dominant factors affecting transpiration rate were different in different whether conditions.

关 键 词：黄土高原 水土保持灌木树种 叶片含水量 蒸腾速率 叶水势 

分 类 号：S176[农业科学—农业基础科学] S184