基于花粉形态数量分类的核果类系统关系研究  

Systematic Relationships of Stone Fruit Trees Based on Pollen Morphology and Numerical Taxonomy

作　　者：刘有春[1,2] 刘威生[1] 刘宁[1] 郁香荷[1] 章秋平[1] 刘硕[2] 张玉萍[1] 孙猛[1] 徐铭[1] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁省果树科学研究所,营口115009 [2]沈阳农业大学园艺学院,沈阳110161

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2010年第5期645-649,共5页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：作物种质资源保护项目(NB08-2130135-03);国家科技基础条件平台重点项目(2005DK21002-19)

摘　　要：运用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了李属、杏属、樱桃属和桃属的花粉形态,观察结果表明:核果类果树的花粉均为近扁球形,等极,辐射对称,极面观为三角形或钝三角形,赤面观均为椭圆形,花粉粒大小在各属间差异明显。核果类果树花粉属N3P4C5类型,3条孔沟沿极轴方向在赤道面上等间距环状分布,内孔位于沟的中央,完全独立于外壁,孔盖覆不规则的拟网状或脑纹状纹饰。供试核果类果树花粉的表面纹饰由平行条纹或不规则条脊及散落于条脊间的穿孔组成,各属间条脊的排列方式、宽窄、脊洼深浅及穿孔有无等性状上存在明显差异。根据花粉大小、表面纹饰及覆盖层穿孔等的一般演化规律,推测核果类果树由低到高的演化顺序为李属→杏属→樱桃属→桃属,并在聚类分析的基础上对属间亲缘关系进行了探讨,旨在为核果类系统关系的研究提供孢粉证据。The pollen morphology of 4 genus of stone fruit trees,including Prunus L.,Ameniaca Mill.,Cerasus Mill.and Amygdalus L.was examined by scanning electron microscope（SEM）.The results showed that all pollen grains of stone fruit trees tested were sub-oblate,isopolar,radially symmetrical,blunt-triangular or triangular in polar views and elliptical in equatorial views.Significant differences were observed in pollen grain sizes of the genus tested.Pollens belong to N3P4C5 type,the colporates were distributed in equal distances along with polar axis;endo-apertures were completely isolated from the sexine and on middle of colpus;endo-aperture operculums were often covered with irregular reticulate-like or cerebroid sculpture.The ornamentation was characterized by small perforations and parallel or irregular ridges,the arrange of ridge,the depth and width of ridge and the presence or absence of perforation were distinctly different among the tested genus.The speculated evolutionary trend of 4 genus of stone fruit trees according to the general rules of pollen size,exine ornamentation and perforation,the possible evolutionary sequence of stone fruit trees was as follow： Prunus L.→ Ameniaca Mill.→Cerasus Mill.→Amygdalus L.,and the relationship between intergeneric was discussed based on the cluster analysis.This study was intended for providing pollen evidences on systematic relationship of stone fruit trees.

关 键 词：核果类果树 花粉形态 聚类分析 系统关系 

分 类 号：S662[农业科学—果树学]