形状记忆合金分瓣螺母空间解锁机构的设计与试验研究  

Design and Experimental Research of a Shape Memory Alloy Space Release Device with Segmented Nut Form

作　　者：张小勇[1] 闫晓军[1] 杨巧龙[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学能源与动力工程学院,北京100191 [2]北京空间飞行器总体设计部,北京100094

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2010年第17期145-150,共6页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：全国优秀博士学位论文作者专项资金(200351);教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划(NCET-06-0178)资助项目

摘　　要：航天器需要解锁机构实现空间解锁功能,传统火工品解锁机构存在冲击和污染等问题;NASA发展的形状记忆合金(Shape memory alloy,SMA)柱驱动解锁机构存在解锁时间长和不可重复使用等问题。提出一种利用SMA的记忆特性和分瓣螺母原理的解锁机构设计方案,并发展相应的设计方法,对解锁机构的核心部分——驱动单元进行设计,最终完成SMA分瓣螺母空间解锁机构的样机研制,并进行功能和同步性测试。结果表明,利用6V直流电源,研制的SMA分瓣螺母空间解锁机构能在0.3s内实现解锁分离,解锁同步性小于0.04s。SMA分瓣螺母空间解锁机构安装体积小、解锁速度快、可重复使用,多个解锁机构同时使用时同步性很好,有很大的工程应用潜力。Spacecrafts need release devices to realize space release function. The traditional pyrotechnic release devices have the drawbacks of high shock and contamination. NASA-developed release device with shape memory alloy（SMA） column has the disadvantages of long release lasting time and unavailability of reset. Based on the research of NASA,a design scheme of SMA space release device with segemented nut form is proposed,and the corresponding design method is developed for the core part of the release device,i.e. driving unit. Finially,the prototype is developed and the function and synchrony tests are carried out. The results show that under 6V DC power supply,the device can finish release function within 0.3 s,and when two devices are used,they are almost release at the same time. The difference of release lasting time for two devices is less than 0.04 s. The space release device developed has the advantages of small size,short release lasting time,easy reset and synchronization,thus having great potential in engineering application.

关 键 词：形状记忆合金 空间解锁机构 分瓣螺母 本构关系 智能结构 

分 类 号：V47[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]