氚在真空贮存容器材料中的吸附和渗透行为  

Adsorption and Permeation Behavior of Tritium in Vacuum Storage Vessel Materials

作　　者：程贵钧[1] 彭述明[1] 龙兴贵[1] 杨本福[1] 黄刚[1] 孙洪伟[1] 刘文科[1] 王维笃[1] 罗顺忠[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所,四川绵阳621900

出　　处：《同位素》2010年第3期129-133,共5页Journal of Isotopes

基　　金：中国工程物理研究院重大基金资助项目(2009A0301015)

摘　　要：研究了贮存氚靶约4 a和20 a的两个316 L不锈钢真空贮存容器(以下简称贮存容器)及其垫片材料对氚的吸附行为,并对氚在贮存容器材料中的渗透速率进行了测量和分析。结果表明,贮存容器外表面氚污染为几十Bq/cm2,不锈钢与陶瓷中吸附的氚活度均为106Bq/g;热解吸至1 273 K过程中,材料中99%的氚释放出来;在解吸出的氚中,陶瓷中的HTO比例高于不锈钢;贮存温度对氚靶贮存容器的渗氚速率有较大影响,夏季约为冬季的4倍。上述结果提示,氚在贮存容器材料内表面吸附后,一部分会向晶格扩散并滞留下来;另一部分则透过材料向外环境渗透,其中温度是影响氚向外环境渗透的主要因素之一。Adsorption behaviour of tritium in 316 L stainless steel vacuum storage vessels and gaskets which used for tritium targets storage about 4 years and 20 years was investigated,and the permeation rate of tritium in the stainless steel vessels was analysed as well.The results showed that tritium on the surface of the stainless steel vessels was dozens Bq/cm2,and there was about 106 Bq/g tritium in stainless steel and ceramic materials.During thermal desorption to 1 273 K,about 99% tritium released from these materials,and the proportion of HTO in ceramic was more than stainless steel.The permeation rate of storage vessels in summer was about 4 times than that in winter.It indicated that tritium adsorbed on the inner surface of the storage vessels at first,some of it diffused to the matrix and remained in it,others permeate from storage vessels to environment,and the temperature is one of the key factors which affect tritium permeation.

关 键 词：氚 真空贮存容器 吸附 渗透 热解吸 

分 类 号：TL93[核科学技术—辐射防护及环境保护]