乔纳金和陆奥苹果的花粉形态及胚胎发育观察  

Observation of pollen morphology and embryonic development in Jonagold and Mutsu apple

作　　者：李林光[1] 王玉霞[1,2] 王颖[3] 李慧峰[1] 杨建明[1] 王海波[1] 张志宏[2] 

机构地区：[1]山东省果树研究所,山东泰安271000 [2]沈阳农业大学,沈阳110866 [3]吉林农业大学,长春130118

出　　处：《果树学报》2010年第5期667-672,共6页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑项目(2008BAD92B01-4);山东省农业良种工程项目

摘　　要：运用扫描电子显微镜和激光共聚焦显微镜对苹果三倍体品种乔纳金、陆奥及其母本金冠的花粉形态、大小、萌发孔、外壁纹饰及其胚胎发育进行观察研究,结果表明,乔纳金、陆奥的花粉量均少于金冠,且畸形率均高于金冠。三倍体苹果花粉侧面观为长椭圆形,极面观为三角形,具3纵沟孔;花粉表面为纵向条状纹饰,有穿孔。乔纳金花粉P/E值为1.90,陆奥为1.85,与金冠1.82相比差异不显著。3个品种均为蓼型胚囊,乔纳金、陆奥的胚囊均存在不同程度的异常,包括双胚囊,珠心细胞异常,极核位置异常和胚囊发育停滞。The pollen morphology, size, germination pore, exine ornamentation and embryonic development of triploid apple cultivars Jonagold, Mutsu, and their female parent Golden Delicious were observed using scanning electron microscope and laser scanning confocal microscope. The results showed that the pollen quantity of Jonagold and Mutsu was less than that of Golden Delicious, and the deformity rate of Jonagold and Mutsu was more than that of Golden Delicious. The pollens of triploid apples had three longitudinal channels, most of their profiles were oblong and polars were triangle. The pollen surfaces had longitudinal striations and perforations. P/E values of Jonagold , Mutsu and Golden Delicious were 1.90 , 1.85, and 1.82, respectively. The embryonic division of these three cultivars was chenopodiad-type. The embryo sacs of Jonagold and Mutsu were abnormal to some degree, including double-sac, abnormal structure of nucellus cells, abnormal position of polar nucleus, and stasis of embryo development.

关 键 词：苹果 三倍体 花粉 胚胎 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]