苹果不同栽植密度和套袋对冠层光照环境参数的影响  

Influence of planting density and bagging treatment on canopy structure characteristics and light environment in apple orchards

作　　者：孙协平[1] 宋凯[1] 王翠玲[1] 李明丽[2] 张继祥[1] 

机构地区：[1]作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院,山东泰安271018 [2]山东省果树研究所,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《果树学报》2010年第5期673-677,共5页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家现代苹果产业技术体系(MATS)功能岗位专家;国家高技术研究发展计划(“863”计划,2008AA10Z219);国家科技支撑计划(2008BAD92B08)

摘　　要：为明确栽植密度和套袋对果园冠层结构参数与光环境的影响,以不同栽植密度的苹果树为试材,利用CI-110冠层分析仪、LI-1400数据记录仪和照度计,分析了不同栽植密度和套袋对冠层结构参数的影响,以及套袋前后冠层光环境的差异和不同纸袋处理对冠层光环境的影响。研究表明,不同栽植密度富士园具有不同的冠层结构参数。套袋提前恶化了果园的结构参数。在2 m×4 m和4 m×4 m果园中,果实套袋使冠下、株间的"叶面积指数"增加1倍,使树冠下层和中层无效光强比例增加,尤其下层增加了12%。黄褐色纸袋反光性能<白色<银白色(铝箔),铝箔平均反光率为31.1%,能够有效的改善树冠内膛的光环境。总之栽植密度对果园冠层结构影响较大,套袋提前恶化了冠层光环境,通过改变纸袋颜色可改善树体光环境。In order to explore the Influence of planting density and bagging treatment on canopy structure characteristics and light enviromnent, the variation of the characteristics of canopy structure in different plant density apple orchards, before and after bagging treatment were analyzed. At the same time, the reflection capabilities of different color bags were investi- gated as well. The results indicated that： on the one hand, different plant densities had different characteristics of canopy structure, which showed a trend that the higher the density was, the worse the light circumstance ; on the other hand, bagging increased ＂leaf area index＂ （LAI）, and reduced coefficients for diffuse radiation and transmission. In 4 rex4 m orchard, after bagging, LAI was twice of that in control orchard without bagging. What was more, for bagging affecting canopy light circumstance, in the canopy with six main branches, ineffective light density （less than 30% natural light） was increased by bagging in middle-layer and under-layer, especially in under-layer, which increased by 12%. Different color bags had dif- ferent light reflection capabilities, snuff color〈white〈silvery white （aluminum foil）. Average reflecting rate of aluminum foil was 31.1% and its maximum reflecting rate was 91.1%. Though shading caused by bagging could not be removed completely, the bags with good reflection capability should be chosed to improve the orchard light condition.

关 键 词：苹果 套袋 叶面积指数 栽植密度 光照强度 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]