黄河干流浮游植物群落特征及其对水质的指示作用  

Phytoplankton assemblage characteristics and their indication of water quality in the mainstream of the Yellow River

作　　者：王勇[1,2] 王海军[1] 赵伟华[1,2] 茹辉军[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水生生物研究所,武汉430072 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《湖泊科学》2010年第5期700-707,共8页Journal of Lake Sciences

基　　金：水利部公益性行业科研专项基金项目(2007SHZ1-19)资助

摘　　要：2008年5-6月和9-10月对黄河干流13个河段和4座水库的浮游植物群落及其环境进行了全面调查.共鉴定浮游植物8门83属150种,其中有硅藻59种,绿藻55种,蓝藻24种,甲藻4种,裸藻4种,金藻2种,黄藻1种和隐藻1种,平均细胞密度和生物量分别为126.90×104cells/L和0.940mg/L.从大的格局上看,浮游植物群落在种类数、种类组成和现存量上均存在较明显的空间分异,这种分异性可从河流流速、泥沙含量和受污染程度得到解释.根据浮游植物污染指示种和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数分析,黄河干流各河段多受到不同程度的污染.与1986年的资料相比,黄河干流浮游植物组成发生了明显变化,属数下降了9.8%,而平均生物量升高了128.7%,且在种类组成上也发生了明显的变化,表明河流污染程度的加剧.An investigation on the phytoplankton assemblage in the mainstream of the Yellow River was carried out in May-June and September-October 2008.A total of 150 species belonging to 83 genera,8 phylum of phytoplankton were identified.Bacillariophyta,Chlorophyta and Cyanophyta were the main taxa,containing 59 species,55 species and 24 species,respectively.Cell density and the biomass of total phytoplankton were averaged 126.90×10^4cells/L and 0.940mg/L,respectively.In a large scale,high spatial heterogeneity was found in the species number,species composition and standing crops of the phytoplankton.The heterogeneity can be explained by the water velocity,sediment discharge and the pollution the water received.According to the assessment by saprobic indicator and Shannon-Wiener biodiversity index,most river sections were polluted.Compared with the historical data of 1986,the genus number of total phytoplankton in the mainstream of the Yellow River decreased by 9.8%,while the biomass increased by 128.7%.These changes suggested that the pollution of the mainstream of the Yellow River have intensified.

关 键 词：浮游植物 群落特征 污染指示 历史变化 黄河干流 

分 类 号：Q948.8[生物学—植物学]