英国的自然保护研究工作  

SCIENTIFIC ASPECTS OF NATURE CONSERVATION IN THE UNITED KINGDOM

作　　者：M.B.Usher 朱靖 

机构地区：[1]约克大学生物系

出　　处：《生态学报》1990年第1期61-70,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

摘　　要：1.英国自然保护工作分政府机构的和民间组织的两部分,相互协作,互不抵触。自然保护理事会(Nature Conservancy Council)是政府机构中的最高职能机构。民间组织和团体则从英国的社会公众中吸收了大量成员。 2.四个领域的成就如下:(1)保护地的评价方法和1977年建立的英国自然资源普查;(2)在人为生境,弃耕地和城市区建立野生生物区;(3)自然保护区管理方面在编写不同类型生境的管理的技术手册;(4)侵入外来种问题,急剧地减少了或替代了自然群落。 3.今后研究的三个预域,主要是要回答已提出的问题:“生态学理论应该提出些什么?”“是否存在自然保护区的最小面积?”和“监测的作用是什么?” 4.显然,英国自然保护工作是基于:(1)传统的调查方法,(2)监测研究,(3)实验方法和(4)生态理论四方面的综合。建模工作也需利用这几方面的资料。( 1 ) Conservation in the United Kingdom is divided (co-operatively and not-antagonistically) between government organizations,of which the foremost is the Nature Conservancy Council, and non-government organizations, bodies that tend to attract large membership from the British population.( 2 ) Four areas of achievement are described. ( i ) methods of site evaluation and the creation of an inventory of the British nature resource in 1977; (ii) creation of wildlife areas in man-made habitats, abandoned farmland, and urban areas;(iii) management of nature reserves, now being codified in technical manuals for the management of particular habitat types; and (iv) problems of invasive, alien species that can dramatically reduce or even replace natural communities.( 3 ) Three areas for further research are discussed.As answers are still needed, these are posed as the questions 'What does ecological theory have to offer?' , 'Is there a minimum size for a nature reserve?' and 'What is the role of monitoring'?.(4 ) It is seen that practical conservation in the U.K. will benefit from an integration of ( i ) the traditional survey approach, ( ii ) monitoring studies, (iii) an experimental programme and (iv ) ecological theory. Modelling can use information from several of these approaches.

关 键 词：自然保护 生态学理论 英国 

分 类 号：X37[环境科学与工程—环境工程]