塔里木河流域适应气候变化和人类活动的应对措施  

The Counter Measures Copping with Climate Change and Human Activates in Tarim River Basin

作　　者：刘湘[1] 段建军[1] 陆峰 苟树生 沈永平[3] 高前兆[3] 王顺德[1] 

机构地区：[1]阿克苏水文水资源勘测局,新疆阿克苏843000 [2]乌鲁木齐水文水资源勘测局,新疆乌鲁木齐840000 [3]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2010年第4期740-748,共9页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：全球变化研究国家重大科学研究计划项目(2010CB951404);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2007CB411507);国家自然科学基金项目(40771047);科技部国际科技合作项目(2008DFA20400)资助

摘　　要：自2001年开始实施塔里木河流域近期综合治理工程,提出了以强化流域水资源统一管理和调度为核心,以源流区节水改造和干流河道治理为重点进行综合治理,积极稳妥地进行经济结构调整,实施退耕封育保护,有效保护好现有天然林草植被.通过向塔里木河下游生态输水,干涸近30a的台特玛湖于2001年11月16日开始有水,使塔里木河下游绿色走廊得到初步复苏等,流域生态环境得到极大的恢复.然而,自2007年以来,塔里木河向下游输水已大为减少,仅能输水到中游,特别是2009年水文干旱,塔里木河干流断流达1 100km多,使下游绿色走廊再度陷入生态危机.为此,需要重新审视塔里木河流域的综合治理,从加强源流治理开始,来巩固干流治理成果.认真总结10a来治理经验与教训,针对人类活动和气候变化对源流与干流造成的影响程度,积极采取应对措施.In Actualizing the comprehensive rehabilitation engineering of the Tarim River basin in the near future,it is put forward that the management and regulation of water resources in the river basin must be unified,the water saving and rebuilding the river sources areas and repairing the mainstream course for comprehensively rehabilitating should be emphasized,the economic structure must be regulated actively and reliably,retreating farmlands to forests and sealing off in the forest areas should be implemented,and the existing natural forests and grasses vegetation must be safeguarded effectually.After carrying out ecological water transportation to the lower reaches of the Tarim River for 9 times,the Taitema Lake,which had dried up for about 30 years,again had water-input on 16th of November,2001,resuscitating the Green Corridor of the lower reaches foremost and recovering the ecological environment in the down stream of the river at the greatest degree.However,since 2007,the water transporting into the down stream of the river has decreased and transporting water has arrived only to the middle reaches.Especially in the hydrological drought year of 2009,the mainstream of the river had a flow-break,no runoff for more than 1 100 km,resulting in the lower Green Corridor relapsing again into ecological crisis.Therefore,it is necessary to scan the comprehensive rehabilitation of the Tarim River basin again,to consolidate the fruits of mainstream manage beginning from the source area＇s managing,to summarize seriously the experience and lesson of rehabilitation during the 10 years,and to take measures actively against the impact of human activity and climate change on river sources and mainstream.

关 键 词：气候变化与人类活动 综合治理与生态恢复 应对措施 塔里木河流域 

分 类 号：P343.9[天文地球—水文科学]