黑河上游祁连山区植物群落随海拔生境的变化特征  

Altitudinal Variation Characteristics of the Plant Community on the Upper Reaches of Heihe River in the Qilian Mountains

作　　者：丁松爽[1] 苏培玺[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所临泽内陆河流域研究站,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2010年第4期829-836,共8页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(4077100530870382);中国科学院西部行动计划项目(KZCX2-XB2-09-03)资助

摘　　要：基于79个样地的野外调查数据,采用双向指示种分析(TWINSPAN)等方法,研究了黑河上游祁连山浅山区、阴坡、阳坡3种典型类型植物群落随海拔梯度的变化特征.结果表明:浅山区植被属于山地荒漠类型;阴坡植被沿海拔升高依次分异为山地荒漠、山地森林和高山灌丛,海拔2 500m和3 300m是它们的海拔分界线;阳坡植被在海拔3 200m截然分异为干旱类型和湿润类型.乔木物种多样性随海拔变化难于形成一定的格局;灌木物种丰富度随海拔升高呈现多峰分布格局,总体上高海拔低、低海拔高;草本植物物种多样性随海拔升高呈单峰变化.以上生态型的各优势种分别占据不同的海拔范围,祁连山主要乔木青海云杉分布在海拔2 500～3 500m的阴坡,其郁闭度随海拔升高而降低,在海拔3 300m以上海拔区域为零星分布.Based on the field survey data from seventy-nine plots,including shallow mountainous area,shady slopes and sunny slopes,using two-way indicator species analysis and other methods,the altitudinal variation characteristics of plant community in the upper reaches of Heihe River in the Qilian Mountains are studied.The study results show that the vegetation in the shallow mountainous area is of mountain desert type.While the vegetation on the shady slopes can be recognized as mountain desert,mountain forest and alpine shrub,depending on altitude,with the dividing lines at 2 500 m and 3 300 m.The vegetation on sunny slopes can be divided into dry type and wet type,with a dividing line at 3 200 m.No certain altitudinal pattern of species diversity of arbor can be seen.Species richness of shrub shows a multi-peak pattern with altitude increase,low in higher altitude and high in lower altitude.The altitudinal pattern of the diversity of herbage species shows a single-peak.Different dominant species of the above ecotypes have different altitudinal range,of which some also shows a certain variation character.For example,Picea crassifoa,the most important arbor species in the Qilian Mountains,is appropriate on the shady slopes between 2 500 m and 3 500 m.Its canopy density decreases with altitude increasing（p0.0001）,and is scattered at the altitude over 3 300 m.

关 键 词：祁连山区 植物群落 海拔梯度 物种多样性 优势种 

分 类 号：Q948.11[生物学—植物学]