塔里木河上游绿洲典型地表特征土壤水分入渗性能研究  

Infiltration Properties of the Typical Land Surface Soil in the Oasis of Upper Tarim River

作　　者：魏恒[1,2] 赵成义[1] 孙栋元[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,绿洲生态与荒漠环境重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2010年第4期837-843,共7页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAC03A0604);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2009CB421302);国家重点基金项目(40830640);中国科学院知识创新项目(KZCX2-YW-127)资助

摘　　要：在塔里木河上游农业绿洲区选取草地、裸地、棉花地和盐碱地4种典型地表特征,用圆盘入渗仪测定土壤水分入渗过程并做模型拟合与分析.结果表明:绿洲内不同地表特征下土壤水分入渗性能存在明显差异,稳定入渗率大小为棉花地(1.02mm.min-1)>草地(0.76mm.min-1)>裸地(0.36mm.min-1)>盐碱地(0.11mm.min-1);在入渗初期,累计入渗量为盐碱地最大,草地和棉花地次之,裸地最小,但随入渗时间增长累计入渗量逐步受控于稳定入渗率.以裸地为参照,棉花地和草地的入渗性能较好,而盐碱地入渗性能较差.应用常用的入渗模型对入渗过程进行了模拟:Kostiakov模型和Horton模型分别对棉花地、草地和裸地、盐碱地均具有最好的模拟效果,这两种模型在本区内有最好的适用性和准确性;Green-Ampt模型在本区的适用性较差.Grassland,bare land,cotton farmland and saline-alkaline land were selected as four typical land surfaces of oasis-farmland in the upper Tarim River to measure the soil infiltration properties using a disc infiltrometer and to analyze by model.It is found that there exist evidential differences among different land surfaces.Stable infiltration rates are ranked as cotton farmland（1.02 mm·min-1）grassland（0.76 mm·min-1）bare land（0.36 mm·min-1）saline-alkaline land（0.11 mm·min-1）.Cumulative infiltration amounts are ranked as saline-alkaline landgrasslandcotton farmland bare land in the initial infiltration period,however,with the infiltration progress,the cumulative infiltration amounts change to be controlled more by stable infiltration rate.Cotton farmland and grassland possess better infiltration capacity and saline-alkaline land possesses a poor infiltration capacity as compared with bare land.Common infiltration models were adopted to simulate the infiltration progress.Kostiakov Model is most suitable to cotton farmland and grassland,while Horton Model is most suitable to bare land and saline-alkaline land.The Kostiakov and Horton Models have best applicability and accuracy,but the Green-Ampt Model is not suitable to the study area.

关 键 词：土壤水分入渗 入渗模型 塔里木河 绿洲土壤 

分 类 号：S152.72[农业科学—土壤学]