梨园芳香植物间作区节肢动物群落时序格局  

Temporal structures of arthropod community of intercropping aromatic plants in pear orchard

作　　者：胡竞辉[1] 王美超[1] 孔云[1] 姚允聪[1] 魏巍[2] 宋备舟[1] 李振茹[3] 

机构地区：[1]北京农学院植物科学技术学院,北京102206 [2]山西农业大学园艺学院,山西太谷030801 [3]北京市大兴区林业局,北京102600

出　　处：《生态学报》2010年第17期4578-4589,共12页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑重大项目(2008BAD92B08);北京市自然科学基金项目(6102004);北京市科学技术重大项目(D0705044040291)

摘　　要：以沙地梨园间作罗勒、孔雀草、薄荷为处理,自然生草和清耕区为对照,应用最优分割法和模糊聚类法,探讨梨园节肢动物群落、害虫亚群落和天敌亚群落发生的时序格局特征及其相互联系。结果表明:总群落、害虫亚群落以及其优势种个体数时序变化趋势呈偏态分布,而天敌亚群落以及其优势种个体数的呈正态分布,高峰期出现在6月末至7月中旬,比总群落和害虫亚群落个体数发生高峰晚。在梨树年生长周期的主要时段中,芳香植物间作区较自然生草区、清耕区害虫亚群落的发生数量(4月中至8月底)少;而天敌亚群落发生数量(4月底至6月底)多。梨园各间作区节肢动物总群落和害虫亚群落时序最优格局均可划分5个时段:发展初期、发展期、稳定期、波动期和衰退期;天敌亚群落分为3个时段:发展期、稳定期、衰退期。但处理间在发生时段的时间范围、发生数量及组成特征上存在复杂的差异。梨园节肢动物总群落、害虫亚群落、天敌亚群落时序聚类结果不同,预示着处理间节肢动物总群落、害虫亚群落和天敌亚群落在各发生时段上的个体组成、物种丰富度、群落多样性指数、优势度和均匀度指数存在着差异。This paper was aimed to discuss the effects of intercropping aromatic plants on the temporal structures of arthropod community in pear orchard.Intercropping Ocimum basilicum L.（Tr1）,Tagetes patula L.（Tr2）,Saturela hortensis L.（Tr3） in pear orchard were carried out as three treatments and natural sward（Tr4） and clean tillage（Tr5） as control.Based on optimal partitioning method and cluster analysis,the temporal structures and relation of arthropod general community,pest sub-community and natural enemy sub-community were analyzed systematically in the different intercropping plots.The results showed that the community composition and dominance species composition of the arthropod general community,pest sub-community and natural enemy sub-community were significantly different from each other among different treatments.The individual number of community and dominance species of the arthropod general community,pest sub-community showed a skewed distribution and natural enemy sub-community,however,a normal distribution.The individual number of natural enemy sub-community peaked from late June to mid-July,posterior to that of the arthropod general community and pest sub-community.In most stage of the pear growth,individual numbers of pest sub-community in intercropping aromatic plants treatments decreased from mid-April to last August and those of natural enemy sub-community increased from last April to last June,compared to that of natural sward and clean tillage treatments.The trends were similar to each other in the individual number of arthropod general community and the pest sub-community.In the case of the pest sub-community,the treatments（species used as an intercrop） recorded differences in diversity when the fruits were green and differences in evenness and dominance when the fruits were ripening.The optimization stage of the arthropod general community,pest sub-community in the different treatments of pear orchard were divided into five stages,namely,initial development stage（last Mar

关 键 词：梨园 芳香植物 节肢动物群落 最优格局 聚类分析 

分 类 号：S185[农业科学—农业基础科学] S436.612