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作 者:杨成龙[1,2] 段瑞军[1,2] 李瑞梅[3] 胡新文[2] 符少萍[1] 郭建春[1]
机构地区:[1]中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所,海南海口5711011 [2]海南大学农学院,海南海口570228 [3]海南大学园林园艺学院,海南儋州571737
出 处:《生态学报》2010年第17期4617-4627,共11页Acta Ecologica Sinica
基 金:国家重点基础研究发展计划资助项目(973计划)(2007CB108903);牧草现代农业产业体系;中央级公益性科研院所基本科研资助项目ITBBYB072
摘 要:以盐生植物海马齿为研究材料,分别用淡水、1/4海水、1/2海水、全海水浇灌15 d和30 d,研究盐生植物耐盐的生理特性和机理。海马齿植物在低于1/2的海水浇灌时,植物生长旺盛,主要表现为叶片增大和变厚,地上部分生物量增加;而全海水抑制了植物的生长。在盐胁迫下,海马齿植物中Na+的含量叶中最高,茎中含量次之,根中含量最低。长时间盐胁迫时,海马齿植物根、茎、叶中的相对含水量与淡水浇灌相比,变化不大,叶中略有增加;而脯氨酸含量显著增加,且可溶性糖的含量也比淡水浇灌的高。由此推测:海马齿植物主要以有机小分子作为渗透调节物质来维持细胞渗透压,在其耐盐中起着重要的作用。土壤中Na+的毒害,并没有减少土壤中可被植物利用的可交换K+,反而使其增加,说明海马齿植物根部对Na+的吸收能力和Na+/K+交换能力非常强。海马齿植物耐盐性强,还表现为能阻止盐胁迫对植物细胞原生质膜的氧化损伤,不破坏植物叶片内叶绿素的合成,能基本维持植物茎、叶中K+和根、茎中Mg2+的相对稳定。In this paper,the physiological characteristics of salt-tolerance in S.portulacastrum have been researched by watering the plants with tap-water;1/2 sea-water;1/4 sea-water;sea-water for 15 d and 30 d.The results showed that the plant vigorously grew with larger and thicker leaves,and an increased shoot weight when they were watered with 1/2 and 1/4 sea-water.However,when plants were watered with high NaCl(sea-water),their growth was inhibited,which mainly reflected in lower FW weights as well as fewer and shorter stem nodes than the controls(watered with tap-water),but,they also had larger and thicker leaves.Under salt-stress,Na+ concentration in plant leaves was higher than that in stems and roots,which was the lowest in roots.It was showed that under sea-water for 30 d,the Na+ content in leaves,stems and roots was 31.78 mg/g(dry weight,DW),14.04 mg/g DW,and 7.53 mg/g DW respectively,but that was 12.92 mg/g DW,5.89 mg/g DW and 1.25 mg/g DW in leaves,stems and roots of controls.When the plants were under longer time salt-stress,the relative water content in plants was similar as they were watered with tap-water,except slightly higher in leaves,which was in roots as 64.9%(tap-water),68.5%(1/4 sea-water),66.9%(1/2 sea-water),63.6%(sea-water);in stems as 84.4%(tap-water),84.07%(1/4 sea-water),84.10%(1/2 sea-water),83.80%(sea-water);in leaves as 68.83%(tap-water),78.43%(1/4 sea-water),79.9%(1/2 sea-water),80.93%(sea-water).Under longer time salt-stress,the content of praline in salt-stressed plants was obvirously higher than that in controls.Also the concentration of soluble carbohydratein in salt-stressed plants was higher than that in the controls.It is deduced that the small organic molecules working as osmotic potentials in cells play a key role in salt tolerance of S.portulacastrum.The rich Na+ in soil could increase the exchanging K+ between plants and soil.It was showed that after the plants were watered sea-water for 30 d,the exchanging K+
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