20世纪的中国人类古生物学研究与展望  

CHINESE HUMAN PALEONTOLOGICAL STUDY IN 20TH CENTURY AND PROSPECTS

作　　者：吴新智[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,北京100044

出　　处：《人类学学报》1999年第3期165-175,共11页Acta Anthropologica Sinica

摘　　要：本文回顾中国人类古生物学在２０世纪的主要研究进展。中国的化石曾经数度入围最早期的人类。目前中国已有６０余处地点发现了人类化石， 其中最古老的暂时要推云南元谋上那蚌的两颗门齿。对中国人类化石的研究提出了连续进化附带杂交的模式， 支持现代人起源的多地区进化说。中国各时期的化石人类有较显著的地区差异。中国人类的发展可能比喻为既有分支间的杂交融合，Changes of the position of Chinese fossils in the early history of hominid\ \ Sinanthropus pekinensis had been one of the earliest hominids from 1931 through 1959. In 1931 the artefacts unearthed from Sinanthropus site were admited by Breuil, the authority of the Paleolithic study. In 1959, the discovery of Zinjanthropus and associated artefacts made the historical record of man\|made tool extended to 1\^75Ma.\; Gigantopithecus had been suggested as the ancestor of Pithecanthropus erectus and Sinanthropus pekinensis in 1940s by F.Weidenreich. But this proposal has not been commonly accepted in paleoanthropological circle.\; In 1965, Simons and Pilbeam proposed the Ramapithecus belonging to hominid and five teeth of Dryopithecus found in 1956 at Kaiyuan, Yunnan, southwestern China were included in the circle of earliest hominid. So China became one of the candidate areas of human cradle. Since 1975 many Ramapithecus fossils including 5 skulls and other pieces of bone have been unearthed from Lufeng, Yunnan. The importance of Chinese fossils in the study of human origin increased. In 1980s, Lufengpithecus was excluded from the human circle, Chinese fossils are no longer considered as a part of human earliest ancestor. 2\ Earliest human in China\; Sinanthropus is the first one acting as the earliest human in China. In 1964 Gongwangling Homo erectus skull\|cap replaced Homo erectus pekinensis fossils as the earliest ancestor in China. In 1965, Yuanmou incisors took this prominent position. Yuanmou is dated by paleomagnetism as of 1\^7Ma. A new ESR date of 1\^6(LU)—1\^1(EU)Ma was published recently. By the way, the Longgupo mandible is of an ape, the provenience of the incisor is problematic, so far this site has not yielded any early Pleistocene hominid fossil.Recent discovery of stone and bony artefacts of probably 2Ma from Fanchang,Anhui province is the indirect indicator of the existence of humans in so early period in China. 3\ Outline of human evolution in China 3\^1\

关 键 词：20世纪 展望 中国 人类古生物学 

分 类 号：Q981[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]