油蒿挥发油的化感作用研究  

STUDY ON ALLELOPATHIC EFFECTS OF ESSENTIAL OIL FROM ARTEMISIA ORDOSICA

作　　者：于凤兰[1] 马茂华[1] 孔令韶[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院植物研究所

出　　处：《植物生态学报》1999年第4期345-350,共6页Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金

摘　　要：对毛乌素沙地油蒿挥发油的化感作用（Ａｌｅｌｏｐａｔｈｙ）及其化学成分进行了研究。结果表明：油蒿挥发油对苋、诸葛菜、萝卜种子萌发和幼苗生长具有不同程度的抑制作用；对小麦种子萌发几乎无影响，但对其幼芽和幼根的生长具一定影响。抑制作用最强的是对苋种子，挥发油组最终萌发率１８％，比对照组减少７１％，对其幼芽和幼根的生长影响也很明显。用ＧＣ、ＧＣ－ＭＳ－ＤＳ联用方法，共鉴定４３个化合物，其中相对百分含量在１．５％以上的化合物有如下１４种：１）α－蒎烯（α－ｐｉｎｅｎｅ），２）桧烯（Ｓａｂｉｎｅｎｅ），３）β－蒎烯（β－ｐｉｎｅｎｅ），４）月桂烯（Ｍｙｒｃｅｎｅ），５）对伞花烃（ρ－ｃｙｍｅｎｅ），６）柠檬烯（Ｌｉｍｏｎｅｎｅ），７）β－水芹烯（β－ｐｈｅｌａｎ－ｄｒｅｎｅ），８）β－顺式罗勒烯（β－ｃｉｓ－ｏｃｉｍｅｎｅ），９）β－反式罗勒烯（β－ｔｒａｎｓ－ｏｃｉｍｅｎｅ），１０）松油烯－４－醇（Ｔｅｒｐｉｎｅｎ－４－ｏｌ），１１）α－姜黄烯（α－ｃｕｒｃｕｍｅｎｅ），１２）茵陈炔（Ｃａｐｉｌｅｎｅ），１３）橙花叔醇（Ｎｅｒｏｌｉｄｏｌ），１４）匙叶桉油烯醇（Ｓｐａｔｈｕｌｅｎｏｌ）。Artemisia ordosica is an endemic species in the area from Erdos to Alashan in China. It is the main plant community constructive species and appears in some locations in the Maowusu sandland. This paper studied the allelopathic effects of A.ordosica and the chemical compositions of essential oil. The oil showed different allelopathic effects on seeds germination and seedling growth of Amaranthus tricolor, Orychophragmus violaceus, Raphanus sativus and Triticum aestivum . In the bioassay, the seed germination of Amaranthus tricolor was strongly inhibited. Germination rate was only 18%, being 29% of the control group. Root and seedling growth were strongly inhibited too. The oil had some inhibitory effects on seeds germination of Orychophragmus violaceus and Raphanus sativus too, but had no effects on seeds germination of Triticum aestivium . The oil inhibited notably seedling growth of all the 4 tested receptor plants. Essential oil was extracted from fresh stems and leaves of Artemisia. ordosica by steam distillation. Chemical analysis of the oil was performed by means of GC MS DS. The main components were identified such as: α pinene(7 56%),sabinene(4 42%),β pinene(11 17%),myrcene(2 25%),ρ cymene(2 96%),limonene and β phellandrene(10 41%),β cis ocimene(7 72%),β trans ocimene(2 23%),terpinen 4 01(1 5%),α curcumene(2 46%),capillene(9 46%),nerolidol(9 36%),spathulenol(2 99%).The bioassay showed that the allelopathic effects were related to these main chemical compositions of the oil.

关 键 词：油蒿 挥发油 化感作用 

分 类 号：Q948.122.1[生物学—植物学] Q946.4