1956-2009年蓬莱市法定传染病流行动态分析  

Analysis of Epidemic Trend of Notifiable Communicable Diseases in Penglai,1956-2009

作　　者：周淑琴[1] 李俊荣[1] 王治电 孙爱民[1] 孟慧[1] 

机构地区：[1]蓬莱市疾病预防控制中心,山东蓬莱265600

出　　处：《预防医学情报杂志》2010年第10期803-808,共6页Journal of Preventive Medicine Information

摘　　要：目的分析自1956年开展传染病报告工作以来,蓬莱市法定传染病疫情流行规律,探讨当前传染病防控形势和措施。方法对1956-2009年蓬莱市法定传染病疫情报告资料及数据进行描述性流行病学分析。结果蓬莱市1956-2009年法定传染病年均总发病率、死亡率和病死率由1956-1959年的4289.82/10万、40.27/10万和0.94%,下降到2000-2009年的150.64/10万、0.31/10万和0.20%,发病率最高达7521.35/10万(1957年),最低至103.48/10万(2007年),死亡率最高达55.81/10万(1958年)。各类传染病发病比例和发病居前5位的传染病病种均发生明显变化。20世纪50-60年代,以呼吸系统传染病为主,发病率居前5位的是流感、麻疹、百日咳、流脑和肝炎,80年代后,以肠道传染病为主;2000-2009年排在前5位的传染病依次是肝炎(65.86/10万)、肺结核(31.50/10万)、痢疾(26.13/10万、)淋病(13.63/10万)、梅毒(7.6/10万),死亡以肺结核、艾滋病为主,且连续2年出现狂犬病死亡病例。1978年(包括1978年)实施计划免疫后,计划免疫疫苗针对的麻疹、脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)、百日咳、白喉、流行性乙型脑炎(乙脑)、流行性脑脊髓膜炎(流脑)等6种传染病总发病率、死亡率分别比实施计划免疫前下降了97.90%和97.21%。结论 1956-2009年,蓬莱市传染病发病率、死亡率及病死率均明显下降,病种发生明显变化。Objective To analyze the epidemic trend of notifiable communicable diseases in Penglai since 1956 when the reporting system communicable diseases was established and discuss the preventive and control measures.Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on the data of communicable diseases reported during the past 54 years.Results From 1956 to 2009,the overall morbidity,mortality and case-fatality rate of notifiable communicable diseases declined from 4 289.82/10^5,40.27/10^5 and 0.94% during 1956 to 1959 to 150.64/10^5,0.31/10^5 and 0.20% during 2000 to 2009.The mobidity was highest（7 521.35/10^5）in 1957 and lowest in 2007（103.48/10^5）.The highest mortality was found in 1958（55.81/10^5）.The first 5 disease varied obviously since 1956.In 1950s-1960s,the major communicable diseases were respiratory diseases with influenza,measles,whooping cough,epidemic encephalitis and hepatitis ranking first five.Since 1980s,the major communicable diseases were intestinal infections.The first 5 diseases were hepatitis（65.86/10^5）,pulmonary TB（31.50/10^5）,dysentery（26.13/10^5）,gonorrhoea（13.63/10^5）and syphilis（7.6/10^5）from 2000 to 2009.The deaths were mainly caused by pulmonary TB and AIDS,and rabies caused death occurred in 2 continuative years.Since the implementation of EPI in 1978,the overall morbidity and mortality of measles,poliomyelitis,whooping cough,diphtheria,Japanese encephalitis and epidemic encephalitis declined by 97.90% and 97.21% respectively.Conclusion From 1956 to 2009,the morbidity,mortality and case fatality rate declined obviously,and the major diseases varied in different years.

关 键 词：传染病 发病率 死亡率 

分 类 号：R181.8[医药卫生—流行病学]