过去时间距离对自我行为表征的影响  

The Effect of Past Temporal Distance on Self-Behavioral Representation

作　　者：申之美[1] 蒋赛[1] 钟丽丹[1] 牛忠辉[1] 张锋[1] 

机构地区：[1]宁波大学心理学系,浙江宁波315211

出　　处：《应用心理学》2010年第1期20-26,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied Psychology

基　　金：宁波大学研究生科研创新基金重点项目(G10JB006);2010年度学生科研储备项目资助成果

摘　　要：建构水平理论认为,人们对心理上远距离(如远期过去)的客体或事件的表征倾向于采用高水平建构,而对心理上近距离(如近期过去)的客体或事件的表征倾向于采用低水平建构。本研究以特质性和行动性行为描述句子为实验材料,通过两个实验考察了过去时间距离对自我正性行为和负性行为的表征特征的影响。实验结果发现:(1)相对于近期过去,被试对远期过去自我的正性行为更倾向于特质性表征,但在负性行为上未获得明确的类似效应;(2)相对于远期过去的自我行为,个体对近期过去的自我行为倾向于负性表征,提示被试对近期过去自我的满意度较低和对未来自我提升的心理期待。The construal level theory proposes that people con- struct more abstract representations （high-level con- struals） of information pertaining to distant past events and more concrete representations（ low-level constru- als） of information pertaining to near past events. The present study adopted both trait sentences （ e. g., ＂I am a talkative person in normal times＂）and action sentences（ e. g., ＂I always talk more than others when chatting with them＂）as the materials to examine the effect of past temporal distance （ a week before/five years before） on self-behavioral representation （ both positive and negative）. The results showed that（1） in-dividuals construct more abstract representations of their positive actions in distant past than in near past, while there is no difference in the negative self-behav- ioral representation, which suggest that temporal dis- tance is only relevant to positive self-behavioral repre- sentation; （2）individuals construct more negative rep- resentations of self in near past than in distant past, which implied that they may have a lower self-satis- faction in the near past, and have more expectation of self-improvement in the future.

关 键 词：时间距离 建构水平 自我行为表征 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学]