流感病毒RT-PCR核酸检测及流行病学特点  

Detection of influenza viruses using RT-PCR assays and its epidemiologic characteristics

作　　者：常宏伟[1] 李开春[1] 范玉珍[1] 李朝阳[1] 臧远成 高玲 王德全[1] 杨卫[1] 

机构地区：[1]六安市疾病预防控制中心,安徽六安237000 [2]六安市金安区疾病预防控制中心,安徽六安237000 [3]六安市裕安区疾病预防控制中心,安徽六安237000

出　　处：《中华疾病控制杂志》2010年第8期701-704,共4页Chinese Journal of Disease Control & Prevention

摘　　要：目的流感网络监测实验室对辖区内采集的流感样病例咽拭子标本进行流感病毒RT-PCR核酸检测,并对检测结果进行流行病学分析,以进一步掌握流感的流行规律,为制订有效的流感防控措施提供依据。方法自2009年9月～2010年2月,由哨点医院和辖区内各疾病预防控制中心采集的流感样病例咽拭子标本,用RT-PCR方法进行流感病毒核酸检测。并且从不同地区、年龄、性别、时间分布以及流感各亚型等多方面对检测结果进行比较分析。结果检测流感样病例咽拭子标本457份,从时间分布来看,甲型H1N1从2009年9月～2010年1月均有阳性病例,2009年11月和12月阳性率达到了43.6%和42.9%,而乙型流感每个月都有阳性病例,在2009年阳性率均在10%以下,2010年却超过了10%。从年龄分布来看,各型流感的发病人群主要为5～49岁年龄段,其阳性率为42.2%。哨点医院低于疫情采样的甲型H1N1流感检测阳性率,而季节性H1、季节性H3、A未分型以及乙型流感的阳性率与疫情采样均无差别。结论六安市半年来流感疫情以甲型H1N1为主,甲型H1N1流感病例逐渐降低,而乙型流感病例逐渐上升,流感的流行渐趋缓和。流感的发病人群以5～49岁年龄段为主,是流感防控的重点人群。Objective Influenza viruses were tested from throat swabs of influenza-like illness （ILI） using RT-PCR assays in network monitoring laboratory,and the results are analyzed by epidemiologic methods. We further grasped prevalence regulars of influenza viruses,in order to provide evidence for the strategies and measures of influenza prevention and control. Methods Throat swab samples of ILI collected by monitoring hospitals and local CDC between September 2009 and February 2010 were detected using RT-PCR for influenza viruses. Meantime,the detection results were analyzed by geographical region,different ages and sex,time distribution etc. Results A total of 457 throat swab samples of ILI were detected. There were positive cases of A influenza H1N1 between September 2009 and January 2010,especially the positive rates in November 2009 and December were up to 43.6% and 42.9% respectively. But there were positive cases of B influenza every month,the positive rate was below 10% in 2009 and above 10% in 2010. 42.2% of positive case of influenza were from 5 to 49 years of age. The positive rate of monitoring hospital was lower than local CDC,but the positive rates of seasonal influenza H1,H3,influenza type A （nor H1,nor H3and nor swH1） and influenza type B were not significantly different in monitoring hospital and local CDC. Conclusions Influenza A H1N1 became the main influena epidemic situation,but the numbers of illness of A H1N1 gradually were decreased along with time,the influenza B were increased,the influenza epidemic situation was eased. Cases were mostly persons aged between 5 and 49,they were focal point persons of the prevention and control.

关 键 词：流感病毒A型 逆转录聚合酶链反应 流行病学 

分 类 号：R181.26[医药卫生—流行病学]