互花米草扩张对江苏海滨湿地大型底栖动物的影响  

Impacts of Spartina alterniflora invasion on the macrobenthos communities of Jiangsu's coastal wetlands

作　　者：仇乐[1] 刘金娥[2] 陈建琴[3] 王国祥[2] 常青[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学生命科学学院江苏省生物多样性与生物技术重点实验室,江苏南京210046 [2]南京师范大学地理科学学院江苏省环境演变与生态建设重点实验室,江苏南京210046 [3]江苏教育学院生物系,江苏南京210013

出　　处：《海洋科学》2010年第8期50-55,共6页Marine Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40973053);江苏省高校自然科学重大基础研究项目(08KJA180002)

摘　　要：2008年6月在苏北海滨湿地盐城珍禽国家级自然保护区内选取了3个典型断面8个样点,分析了大型底栖动物的种类、密度、生物量、多样性指数及均匀度指数等群落特征。本研究共采集到底栖动物21种,其中软体动物12种,占物种总数的57.1%;甲壳动物6种,占物种总数28.6%;环节动物2种,占物种总数9.5%;鱼类1种,占物种总数4.8%。结果显示:在光滩生境中,软体动物多以托氏昌螺(Umbonium thomasi)、泥螺(Bullacta exarata)及四角蛤蜊(Mactra veneriformis)为优势种,豆形拳蟹(Philyra pisum)亦有一定的数量。随着米草群落的侵入,软体动物中的尖锥拟蟹守螺(Cerithidea lar-gillierti)与环节动物中双齿围沙蚕(Perinereis aibuhitensis)则逐渐变成优势种。新生互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)群落提高了大型底栖动物的物种数量和丰富度,但随着时间的推移及米草的生长,米草群落中的底栖动物的物种数及多样性都会下降。可见,研究米草入侵对海滨湿地大型底栖动物群落的影响,除了调查方法及时空因素外,还应考虑到研究样地互花米草入侵时间的长短。The macrobenthos were collected from eight sampling sites of three monitoring sections in the Yancheng national rare bird reserve in June 2008; and the species composition, density, biomass and diversity of macrobenthos were analyzed. Totally 21 macrobenthos species were found, among which 12 species belong to mollusk （57.1%）, six to crustacean （28.6%）, two to annelid （9.5%）, and one to fish （4.8%）. Umbonium thomasi, Bullacta exarata, amd Mactra veneriformis were the dominant species in the mudflat of the Jiangsu＇s coastal wetlands, and Philyra pisum was also of certain abundance. After the invasion of the smooth cordgrass Spartina alterniflora, Cerithidea largillierti and Perinereis aibuhitensis became the dominant species gradually. In additioin, the abundance and diversity of macrobenthos were increased at the early stages of smooth cordgrass invasions, but were decreased with the development of smooth cordgrass community. The results also indicate the duration of S. alterniflora invasion must be considered when we study the impacts of S. alterniflora invasion on the macrobenthos communities, besides the methodology, spatial and temporal factors of the survey.

关 键 词：互花米苹(Spartina alterniflora) 大型底栖动物 生物多样性 盐城珍禽国家级自然保护区 

分 类 号：Q958.12[生物学—动物学]