社会偏好的异质性、个人理性与合作捐献行为——基于公共品自愿捐献机制的实验研究  

Heterogeneity in Social Preference,Individual Rationality and Contribution Cooperation:A Study Based on a VCM Experiment

作　　者：刘文忻[1] 龚欣[2] 张元鹏[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学经济学院,100871 [2]美国哥伦比亚大学教育学院,100276902

出　　处：《经济评论》2010年第5期5-15,94,共12页Economic Review

基　　金：北京市哲学社会科学"十一五"规划项目"北京市公共产品供给短缺问题和定价机制的实验研究"(项目编号:06BaJG125)资助

摘　　要：本文利用实验经济学的研究方法探讨了在公共产品自愿捐献中个人的社会偏好的异质性与合作捐献行为的关系问题。从个体的异质性的社会偏好出发,依据个体捐献策略的差别确定了参与者的四种类型:具有互惠偏好的条件合作者、具有利他主义观念的积极合作者、利己型非合作者、具有长远目标的利己主义的策略型合作者。研究发现,私人边际回报率和交流两大控制因素分别对具有不同社会偏好倾向的捐献者的个人自愿捐献水平有较大的影响:私人边际回报率主要通过两种方式促进合作捐献,一是促使各类参与者增加首次或多次捐献额度,也就是移动捐献路径或改变路径斜率(增大条件合作的系数);二是某些参与者会因为私人边际回报率的增加而根本地改变捐献路径,即发生"转型"。而面对面的交流则有助于消除不确定性,帮助在从非合作博弈转向合作博弈之后维持持续性合作均衡。Based on the approach of experimental economics,this paper discusses the relationship between heterogeneous social preferences of individuals and their cooperative contribution behaviors.Firstly,taking into account the prevalent phenomenon of individual heterogeneity in contributing behavior and strategy,we identify four types of players according to their strategy patterns.Among them,conditional cooperators （CC） make contribution decisions according to others’ behaviors;positive cooperators （PC） contribute positively in most parts of the entire periods;non-cooperators （NC） contribute little;strategic cooperators （SC） pretend to be conditional cooperators or positive cooperators before finally behaving as non-cooperators in the latter periods.Secondly,following this line,we construct an analytical framework to analyze the contributing behavior of individuals,in which four strategy paths are derived from a generalized utility function.And the hypothesis is to some degree supported by empirical evidence.Finally,we find that increasing the marginal benefit of public investment （marginal per capita rate of return,MPCR） and improving communication among the public could affect the social preferences of individuals and their contribution strategies,so that the degree of voluntary cooperation will be enhanced.

关 键 词：公共品的自愿捐献 合作捐献策略 社会偏好的异质性 

分 类 号：C912[经济管理]