四川西部山区土壤和大气有机氯污染物的区域分布  

Regional Distribution of Organochlorine Pollutants in Mountain Soil and Air in Western Sichuan,China

作　　者：杨文[1] 刘咸德[1] 陈大舟[2] 刘文杰[1,3] 郑晓燕[1,4] 李炳伟[1] 李慧颖[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012 [2]国家标准物质研究中心,北京100013 [3]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,甘肃兰州730000 [4]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,环境化学与生态毒理学国家重点实验室,北京100085

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2010年第9期1108-1114,共7页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划(973)项目(2003CB415003);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项(2009KYYW13)

摘　　要：为研究持久性有机污染物(POPs)的长距离传输和边远山区POPs的区域分布与来源,于2005年10月—2008年4月在四川西部山区的卧龙自然保护区内沿巴朗山迎风坡1个海拔梯度(1242～4475m)采集表层土壤和大气被动采样样品.对色谱-高分辨质谱(GC-HRMS)的数据分析表明,在卧龙山区2800m以上的高海拔地区,土壤和大气中HCB,HCHs和DDTs具有浓度低、分布均匀的特点,这可归因于大气长距离传输的贡献;在有人居住和活动的地区,也观测到HCHs和DDTs的浓度异常和污染情况.通过对有机氯污染物浓度水平、相对化学组成、浓度空间分布特征和季节变化等情况的综合分析,可以区分大气长距离传输和局地污染源排放2种源贡献.大气被动采样技术能够提供边远山区有机氯污染物大气浓度水平和时空分布的信息.结合大气和土壤的现场数据,可以综合观测和表征山区环境有机氯污染物的浓度异常现象.In order to study long distance atmospheric transport of persistent organic pollutants （POPs）, and regional distribution and origins of POPs in remote mountain areas, both surface soil and passive air samples were collected along an altitudinal transect （1242- 4475 m above sea level） on the slope of Balang Mountain in Wolong Nature Reserve in the western mountain area of Sichuan from April 2005 to April 2008. GC-HRMS data revealed that concentrations of HCB, HCHs, and DDTs in the air and surface soil at sites higher than 2800 m were low and evenly distributed, and could be attributed to long distance atmospheric transport, while at lower sites where anthropogenic activities existed, abnormally high concentrations of HCHs and DDTs were found and regarded as local contamination. Contributions from long distance atmospheric transport and local source emissions could be distinguished based on integrated analysis of concentration levels, relative composition, spatial distribution and seasonal variations of organochlorine pollutants （OCPs） of interest. Passive air sampling turned out to be useful in providing information on POPs levels and spatial and temporal distributions in remote mountainous areas. Integrated observation and characterization of abnormal concentrations of POPs in mountain areas could be performed based on field data of both air and soil samples.

关 键 词：持久性有机污染物 有机氯污染物 大气被动采样 大气传输 山区 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X53