东部平原不同类型湖泊沉积物中有机磷的特征  

Characteristics of Organic Phosphorus in Different Forms of Lake Sediments from East Plain Region

作　　者：廖剑宇[1,2] 王圣瑞[2] 杨苏文[2] 储昭升[2] 金相灿[2] 张宇[2,3] 曾清如[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学资源环境学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]中国环境科学研究院湖泊创新基地,国家环境保护湖泊污染控制重点实验室,北京100012 [3]内蒙古农业大学生态环境学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010019

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2010年第9期1142-1150,共9页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：社会基础性工作项目(2006FY110600);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项(2007KYYW27)

摘　　要：以选自东部平原3种不同类型8个浅水湖泊的18个表层沉积物样品为研究对象,运用分级提取法,研究了沉积物中有机磷(OP)质量分数、形态及其分布状况,并探讨了OP组分与湖泊富营养化的关系.结果表明:东部平原湖泊沉积物中w(OP)为65.2～539.2mg/kg,占w(TP)的19.9%～40.6%,污染程度高的沉积物w(OP)高于污染程度较轻的沉积物.沉积物中各形态有机磷主要以中活性有机磷(MLOP)与非活性有机磷(NLOP)为主,不同类型湖泊沉积物中各形态w(OP)顺序均为城市湖泊>大型养殖型湖泊>大型自然湖泊.城市湖泊与养殖型湖泊以NLOP为主,其相对含量达到50%以上;而大型自然湖泊以生物有效性有机磷(LOP+MLOP)为主,其相对含量为54.6%～61.6%,表明沉积物中有机磷分布状况与湖泊污染程度和人类活动紧密相关.酸提取有机磷质量分数〔w(HCl-Po)〕为10.5～200.9mg/kg,在不同污染程度湖泊沉积物中差异明显,其和总有机磷(Po)的比值〔w(HCl-Po)/w(Po)〕与湖泊水质指标呈显著正相关(P<0.01),与沉积物w(TP),w(OP),w(LOP)及w(MLOP)也均呈显著正相关(P<0.01),即沉积物中的HCl-Po可能是湖泊水体磷的重要来源,沉积物中w(HCl-Po)/w(Po)可以反映湖泊的富营养化程度.Eighteen surface sediment samples taken from eight shallow lakes belonging to three different types in the eastern plain region of China were chosen to investigate their contents, forms and distribution characteristics of organic phosphorus （OP）, The relationships between the OP fractions in sediments and their lake eutrophication were also discussed. The results showed that the contents of OP ranged from 65.2 to 539.2 mg/kg, accounting for 19.9% to 40. 6% of w（TP）, which were higher in the heavily polluted sediments than those in the lightly polluted ones. The main forms of OP in the sediments from the eight lakes were moderately labile organic phosphorus （MLOP） and nonlabile organic phosphorus （NLOP）. Their contents varied greatly, and the rank order from different type of lakes was urban lakes 〉 farmings lake 〉 large lakes. The NLOP was the main organic phosphorus form for the sediments from the urban lakes and the farming lakes, the content of which accounted for above 50% of w（TP）. However, the main organic phosphorus form of the sediments from the large natural lakes was the bioavailable organic phosphorus （ LOP ＋ MLOP）, the content of which accounted for 54.6%-61.6% of w（TP）. It was suggested that the organic phosphorus distribution of the sediments was tightly connected with their lake pollution degrees and human activities. In addition, the contents of HCI-Po ranged from 10.5 to 200.9 mg/kg, varying greatly in different pollution degrees of lake sediments. The ratio w（HCl-Po）/w（Po） of the sediment was significantly associated with its water quality （P 〈 0. 01 ） , and the contents of HCl-Po were significantly associated with the contents of TP, OP, LOP and MLOP in the sediments of those lakes （ P 〈0. 01）. Hence, it was proven that the HCl-Po in lake sediment may be an important phosphorus source for the overlying water, and the ratio w（ HCl-Po ）/w（Po） in the sediment could reflect the level of lake eutrophication.

关 键 词：湖泊 沉积物 有机磷 分布特征 富营养化 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]