新疆耕地开发流失模式时空特征分析  

Spatial-Temporal Analysis on Land Reclamation and Loss Patterns in Xinjiang

作　　者：陈红[1,2] 吴世新[1] 冯雪力[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《资源科学》2010年第9期1726-1733,共8页Resources Science

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新重大项目(编号:KZCX1-Y-02)

摘　　要：应用中国科学院土地利用变化时空信息平台,在新疆1990年、2000年、2005年、2008年四期土地利用时空数据库的基础上,利用GIS空间分析提取新疆三个时段的耕地开发利用时空流转数据,并结合新疆环境背景数据库分析近20年来新疆耕地开发流失模式的时空特征变化。结果表明:近20年间,新疆耕地开发速度呈现急剧上升又减缓的趋势,2000年-2005年间达到峰值;耕地开发由壤质绿洲地区逐渐向砾质和砂质的戈壁、沙地等未利用地扩展延伸,由引渠水灌溉向地下水灌溉发展,打破河流、土质定开发的传统模式;近20年间,新疆耕地流失速度持续下降,撂荒一直是耕地流失的主要因素,建设占用在耕地流失中的比例持续下降,生态退耕在耕地流失中的比例持续上升,人为因素对耕地流失的作用逐渐增大,建设占用和生态退耕的耕地主要分布在绿洲地区,撂荒耕地由绿洲地区向沙地、戈壁扩展。To study reclamation and loss patterns of cultivated land in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,the authors examined spatial-temporal dynamics of cultivated land in Xinjiang during since the late 1980s based on four land use databases and interpreting four scenes of satellite images acquired in 1990,2000,2005 and 2008 in combination with GIS spatial analysis techniques and field surveys.Changes in soil texture and irrigation patterns during the processes of land reclamation were analyzed in detail,with unraveling reasons for cultivated land losses over the past two decades with the environmental database for Xinjiang.To investigate influencing factors for reclamation and reasons for cultivated land losses,the authors accounted for factors of soil texture,irrigation pattern and loss reasons.In terms of soil texture,the cultivated land was categorized into three classes by interpreting the remote sensing images with the aid of field survey,which were sandy soils,loamy soil and grave soils.In terms of irrigation patterns,the cultivated land was divided into three classes,which were surface water irrigation,groundwater irrigation and dry farmland.In terms of loss reasons,the loss of cultivated land was divided into arable land occupation by construction,natural abandonment land and returning farmland.Results showed that land reclamation exhibited a increasing trend and then slowed down,reaching the maximum between around 2000 and 2005.The reclamation was generally shifted from the oasis to the unused land,such as desert and gobi desert.The irrigation pattern was shifted primarily from surface water irrigation to groundwater irrigation.The losses of cultivated land maintained decreasing,being converted in part into natural abandoned land.The ratio of arable land occupation by construction showed a decreasing trend and that of conversion from farmland to forests increased.It was also found that the impact of human activities on land losses was manifested incrementally.Arable land occupation by construction and conversion

关 键 词：耕地开发 耕地流失 年均速度 

分 类 号：F301.21[经济管理—产业经济]