小浪底水库运行对黄河鲤鱼栖息地的影响  

The impact of Xiaolangdi Dam operation on the habitat of Yellow River Carp (Cyprinus (Cyprinus) carpio haematopterus Temminck et Schlegel)

作　　者：蒋晓辉[1] 赵卫华[2] 张文鸽[1] 

机构地区：[1]黄河水利科学研究院,郑州450003 [2]中国科学院水生生物研究所,武汉430072

出　　处：《生态学报》2010年第18期4940-4947,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：水利部公益性行业专项(2007SHZ1-19)

摘　　要：通过历史文献和实地生态调查,了解黄河鲤鱼生态习性及与径流组分响应关系,在此基础上,通过分析水库对径流组分影响,建立栖息地模拟模型,研究小浪底水库运行对黄河鲤鱼生存繁衍的影响。研究表明:(1)径流的流量组分与黄河鲤鱼的生态习性有密切的相关关系,小浪底水库的运行显著改变了流量脉冲、小洪水及大洪水,流量脉冲消失或减少使得黄河鲤鱼产卵缺乏足够的产卵栖息地;小洪水减少使黄河鲤鱼的食物来源和栖息地减少;漫滩洪水减少和消失使黄河鲤鱼失去从河滩地获得食物和栖息地机会。(2)通过建立River2D模型,得到了不同流量下黄河鲤鱼在不同生命阶段栖息地面积的变化情况,研究表明,建库后大于1400m3/s流量的显著减少,影响了黄河鲤鱼的产卵;建库后花园口低限流量变化不明显,建库对成鱼和幼鱼生存的影响不大。Xiaolangdi Reservoir is located on the lower end of the middle reaches of the Yellow River,downstream of the major water and sediment source areas of the basin.At this point the catchment area is 92.3% of the basin total,runoff is 91.5% of the basin total,and sediment load is 98% of the basin total.Xiaolangdi Reservoir has a total capacity of 12.6×109 m3 and a capacity to trap 7.5×109 m3 of sediment.Thus,the reservoir is effective in regulating water and sediment regimes.This regulation has a major impact on channel morphology,sediment transport processes,and flow regime,with consequences for biota that are dependent on these river processes.Changes to flow and sediment regimes affect all trophic levels,with some direct and some indirect impacts on fish.The Yellow River Carp （Cyprinus （Cyprinus） carpio haematopterus Temminck et Schlegel） is an iconic fish in the lower Yellow River,and a suitable ecological indicator of river health impacts from flow regulation.Although operation of Xiaolangdi Dam is thought to have affected the breeding habitat of the Yellow River Carp,this paper quantifies the impact.The habitat and flow requirements of the Yellow River Carp are defined through reference to historical information and field ecological surveys.The paper also determines suitable eco-hydrological indicators of the impacts of regulation,with a focus on the reach downstream from the Yellow River Bridge in Huayuankou from 200 m downstream to 1 km downstream.A Yellow River Carp habitat simulation model was established,based on the known habitat and flow component requirements.Then,the impact of operation of the Xiaolangdi Dam on the ability of Yellow River Carp to survive and multiply was determined by running the simulation model for pre-and post-reservoir scenarios.The study showed that：（1） The flow components identified in the unregulated river regime are closely correlated with the known ecological habitat requirements of the Yellow River Carp.The operation of Xiaolangdi Dam significantly altered the

关 键 词：影响 栖息地 黄河鲤鱼 小浪底水库 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]