土壤线虫群落对施用EM生物有机肥的响应  

Response of soil nematode community to multi-year application of EM (effective microorganism) biological-organic manure

作　　者：胡诚[1,2] 曹志平[2] 齐迎春[3] 胡菊[2] 李双来[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所,武汉430064 [2]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100094 [3]华中农业大学生命科学与技术学院,武汉430070

出　　处：《生态学报》2010年第18期5012-5021,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家"十五"科技攻关项目(2004BA508B01);生态学北京市重点学科项目资助(XK10019440)

摘　　要：1997年在中国农业大学曲周试验站设置了施用EM堆肥与传统堆肥的田间试验,2004年和2005年在玉米与小麦生长期间取样分析土壤线虫的群落结构,结果表明:在玉米与小麦田总共发现49个线虫属,包括17个食细菌线虫属,5个食真菌线虫属,18个植物寄生线虫属,9个捕食-杂食线虫属。在EM堆肥处理中共发现46个线虫属,而在传统堆肥处理中共发现42个线虫属。植物寄生线虫是优势的营养类群,其次为食细菌线虫,它们的相对丰度分别是59.26%,31.55%。在玉米与小麦生长季节,线虫的Wasilewska、营养多样性、申农多样性、均匀度及植物寄生线虫成熟指数处理之间差异不显著,但是取样日期之间差异显著(P<0.01)。与传统堆肥相比,多年施用EM堆肥加快了土壤有机物的转化,提高了土壤的含氮量,增加了土壤线虫总数与食细菌线虫数量。The aim of this study was to determine a nematode community＇s composition in response to multi-year application of EM （effective microorganism） compost and traditional compost.An investigation of the cultivation patterns of winter wheat and summer corn was carried out at the experimental station of the China Agricultural University in Qu-Zhou County,Hebei Province,Northern China Plain.Soil samples were collected during the maize and wheat growing stages from the upper （0—20 cm） soil layer.The soil nematode population,community structure,trophic groups,and ecological indices were evaluated following two different treatments：EM compost treatment and traditional compost treatment.The composts used in the experiment were EM compost （60% straw,30% livestock dung,5% cottonseed-pressed trash and 5% brans） added with effective microorganisms,and traditional compost （60% straw,30% livestock dung,5% cottonseed-pressed trash and 5% brans）.The results showed that bacterivorous and omnivorous-predatory nematodes were significantly influenced by soil treatments.Bacterivorous nematode density was higher in the EM compost plot in comporison to the traditional compost plot during sampling dates except June,September,and November 2004.Fungivorous nematode density was higher in the EM compost plot in comparison to the traditional compost plot in the following period：June-September 2004,and March 2005.Plant parasitic nematode density was lower in the EM compost plot in comparison to the traditional compost plot in the following periods：June,July,November 2004,and March-April 2005.Omnivorous-predatory nematode density was higher in the EM compost plot in comparison to the traditional compost plot during June,August-October 2004,and March 2005.Total number of nematodes in the EM compost fertilized plot ranged from 338 to 844 individuals per 100 g dry soil,whereas in the traditional compost fertilized plot ranged from 232 to 810 individuals per 100 g dry soil.A total of forty-nine nematode genera were found du

关 键 词：线虫群落 生物多样性 EM堆肥 传统堆肥 

分 类 号：S154.5[农业科学—土壤学] S144[农业科学—农业基础科学]