应用专项训练器械结合不同训练方法提高自行车运动员专项体能的研究  

Improving Cyclists’Special Strength by the Combination of Various Training Methods and Specific Training Device

作　　者：邹飞[1] 张建阳 张成梅[1] 程静静 

机构地区：[1]山东省体育科研中心,济南250002 [2]山东省竞技体育学校 [3]山东省体育局科教处

出　　处：《中国运动医学杂志》2010年第5期577-579,583,共4页Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine

基　　金：山东省重大科技专项(2008GG30001026)

摘　　要：目的:探讨自行车训练器材结合不同训练方法在场地自行车短距离项目运动员专项体能训练方面的应用及其效果。方法:山东省备战第十一届全运会的9名优秀自行车运动员,从2006年9月至2009年全运会前,在常规训练内容基础上,每周增加1～2次专项训练器训练,交替采用1min定量负荷间歇训练法、1min不定负荷间歇训练法和最大强度力竭训练法。定期测试上述训练过程中运动员最高心率、平均心率,最后一次运动后即刻心率、血乳酸和次日晨血清CK和BU等,比较分析测试结果以及年度最好比赛成绩。结果:(1)1min定量负荷间歇训练中,运动员最高心率、平均心率、血乳酸与第一次利用专项训练器械训练时相比明显降低,次日晨CK值也明显下降。(2)1min不定负荷间歇训练中,踏频在135次/分钟以上的运动持续时间明显增加(P<0.01),后2次测试运动员血乳酸显著升高。(3)最大强度力竭训练中,运动员最大强度运动至力竭运动时间,后3次与第1次比较均显著延长(P<0.01)。(4)从比赛成绩看,在全国自行车锦标赛中,运动员成绩每年都有大幅提高。这说明专项训练器械和上述训练方法相结合可提高自行车运动员专项体能。Objective The main purpose of this study was to assess the effect of strength training of the elite sprint cyclists by using specific training device combined with various training methods. Methods Taking 9 elite sprint cyclists preparing for the 11th National Games of Shandong as the subjects, from September 2006 to September 2009 （before the 11th National Games）,specific training program was added to the conventional training content 1-2 times per week, alternately using these methods： the intermission training method of 1min quantitative exercise; the intermission training method of 1min non-quantitative exercise and the exhaustive training of the acute intensity. The indices of heart rate, blood lactic acid, serum CK and BU were tested and analyzed after their training. Results （1）The intermission training method of 1min quantitative exercise： the max heart rate, average heart rate and the blood lactic acid of the cyclists were significantly lower than the initial results, and CK of the next morning was significantly decreased either. （2）The intermission training method of 1min non-quantitative exercise： the time of the cycling cadence above 135/min was significantly longer（P 0.01）, blood lactic acid of cyclists was higher on the last 2 tests. （3）Exhaustive training of the acute intensity： The time to exhaustive increased during three test when cyclists were undertook acute intensity （P 0.01）. （4）Performance： The achievement of Chinese National Cycling Championship was better and better every year. Conclusion Through effective training plan, the specific training device combined with various training methods could improve the sprint cyclists’anaerobic capacity.

关 键 词：自行车短距离项目运动员 专项训练器械 专项体能 运动成绩 

分 类 号：R87[医药卫生—运动医学]