锯缘青蟹养殖池塘中沉积物磷释放的初步研究  

Prhosphorus release in Scylla serrata(Forskal) ponds' sediment

作　　者：卢光明[1] 乐观宗[1,2] 钟明杰[1,3] 徐永健[1] 

机构地区：[1]宁波大学生命科学与生物工程学院,浙江宁波315211 [2]奉化市莼湖镇政府海洋与渔业办公室,浙江奉化315505 [3]浙江省海洋开发院,浙江舟山316010

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2010年第5期1115-1120,共6页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：908专项资助项目(908-02-04-07)

摘　　要：本研究采用孵化法模拟计算池塘表层沉积物-水界面磷通量,并结合现场调查和室内模拟实验探讨温度、盐度、pH和微生物等环境条件变化对该沉积物中磷释放的影响。初步计算了锯缘青蟹[Scylla serrata(Forskal)]养殖池塘8月和11月2个月份沉积物-水界面活性磷酸盐的交换通量,分别为104.9μmol/(m2·d)、70.1μmol/(m2·d)。温度、盐度、pH和微生物梯度这4个因子均对沉积物磷释放有影响。温度实验中,释放量随着温度的上升而增加,其中35℃下磷释放量达到0.027mg,为15℃下(0.015mg)的1.8倍,20℃时释放量为0.020mg。盐度实验中,释放量随着盐度的升高而增加,盐度25时的磷释放量达到0.029mg,约为盐度5时(0.003mg)的10倍。不同pH条件下磷释放量由大到小依次为酸性、碱性、中性,存在微生物的组其沉积物磷的释放量要明显高于灭菌组,在培养的前4天几乎为灭菌组的2倍。Phosphorus is the restrictive nutritive element in marine culture ecosystem,whose content can significantly influence material and energy conversion in aquaculture ecosystem.The present study established a calculation method of phosphorus flux on aquaculture pond surface layer and investigated the influence of environmental conditions such as temperature,salinity,pH and microbe on phosphorus release from sediment in Sanmen crab-breeding ponds.Preliminarily,we calculated the exchange flux of active phosphate on sediment-water interface of the crab-breeding ponds in August and November,which were 104.9μmol（/m^2·d）and 70.1μmol（/m^2·d）,respectively.Through temperature,salinity,pH and microbe gradient test,we found all these factors had obvious influence on phosphorus release.Temperature significantly accelerated the release of phosphorus in sediments by promoting microbial activity.When the temperature reached 35℃,the release of phosphorus came to 0.027 mg in total,which is 1.8 times as that at 15℃.Similarly,the increase of salinity could also promote the release of phosphorus in sediments,with significant difference existing between high salinity and low salinity（P〈0.05）.In the salinity of 25,the release is 0.029 mg,which is almost 10 times as 0.003 mg in salinity of 5.pH experiment showed that total phosphorus release from high to low was in acid,alkaline then neutral conditions,respectively.This may be associated with existing forms of phosphorus element in different pH.Micro-organisms also has a catalytic role for increase in phosphorus release.The release of phosphorus in presence of micro-organisms was significantly greater than sterilized treatment,particularly in the early stage,which indicate that micro-organisms can promote the release of phosphate on sediment-water interface.

关 键 词：沉积物 扩散通量 磷释放 环境因子 

分 类 号：Q14[生物学—生态学]