基于篮球比赛情景和运动员技能水平的“Choking”体验调查研究  

Investigating on "Choking" Experience of Basketball Players Based on Competitive Situations and Skilled Levels

作　　者：徐真英[1] 王进[2] 

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学体育与健康科学学院,浙江金华321004 [2]浙江大学教育学院应用心理交叉学科研究中心,浙江杭州310028

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2010年第5期19-27,共9页China Sport Science and Technology

摘　　要：根据"Choking"理论,研究把篮球运动的比赛情景和技能水平作为观察的要素,对运动员"Choking"的体验进行探索,旨在为"Choking"现象研究提供运动项目实证的解释数据。通过开放性问卷,对97名篮球运动员进行询问调查,定性分析结果发现,篮球比赛中常发生的失误有7种情景,其中,在这些情景中运动员体验最多的是过度紧张、急躁、焦虑、沮丧和额外努力。再根据篮球运动员的训练年限、年龄及运动员的技术等级,把97名篮球运动员分为高、中、初级运动员,并对不同技术等级的运动员在比赛中的"Choking"体验进行分析,结果表明,高级运动员额外努力引起的"Choking"现象为第一位,其次为急躁;中级运动员为过度紧张引起的"Choking"现象为第一位,其次为焦虑;初级运动员为过度紧张引起的"Choking"现象为第一位,其次为急躁,再是焦虑。同时,对高、中、初级运动员发生在比赛中"Choking"体验进行区别的卡方检验。结果显示,高级运动员的"Choking"体验与中、初级篮球运动员存在显著性差异。进一步调查表明,高级运动员额外"努力"是造成"Choking"的主要原因。Based on the ＂Choking＂ theory,this paper makes the exploration of basketball player’s ＂Choking＂ experience with the competitive situations and different skill levels in order to provide the evidence from sport event for ＂Choking＂ studies.By investigating 97 basketball players with the open-questionnaire,the qualitative analysis showed that 7 kinds of competitive situations were most likely to cause ＂Choking＂,and the participants reported that most of them frequently experienced over-stress,depression,anxiety,irritability,and extra efforts.According to the training period,age and skill level,the 97 basketball players were divided into skilled,intermediate-skilled,and junior athletes.A following up analysis showed that skilled athletes reported their ＂Choking＂ experience by increasing extra efforts and irritability,while intermediate-skilled and junior athletes reported over-stress followed by anxiety.Meanwhile,the chi-square test showed that there were different ＂Choking＂ experiences among the skilled,intermediate-skilled and junior athletes.A further analysis showed that extra effort was most likely to cause ＂Choking＂ in the skilled athletes.These results are discussed in this paper.

关 键 词：篮球 比赛情景 技能水平 “Choking” 体验 运动员 

分 类 号：G804.8[文化科学—运动人体科学]