人工湿地植物泌氧与污染物降解耗氧关系研究  

Relationship between oxygen release from plants in constructed wetland and oxygen demand for pollutant degradation

作　　者：吴海明[1] 张建[1] 李伟江[2] 张波[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东大学环境科学与工程学院,济南250100 [2]青岛理工大学环境与市政工程学院,青岛266033

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2010年第9期1973-1977,共5页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金："十一五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAC10B03);国家重大科技专项项目(2009ZX07210-009)

摘　　要：实验采用静态水培方法研究了香蒲（Typha orientalis）、芦苇（Phragmites australis）和水葱（Scirpus validus）3种常见湿地水生植物潜在泌氧能力、去污效果,并对水生植物泌氧量与污染物降解耗氧量进行了计算分析,从而阐明湿地植物泌氧与污染物降解耗氧之间的关系。结果表明,3种植物泌氧能力由大到小依次为：芦苇〉香蒲〉水葱,其中,芦苇比放氧速率、面积泌氧率均最高,分别为3.36 mg O2/（g.d）和4.35 g O2/（m2.d）。植物对湿地系统中污染物的去除有重要影响,各植物系统COD去除速率在3.46~3.77 g/（m2.d）之间;NH4＋-N去除速率在0.07~0.13 g/（m2.d）;TN去除速率在0.25~0.27 g/（m2.d）;TP去除速率均为0.09 g/（m2.d）;均好于无植物空白系统。计算表明,各植物体系泌氧量在0.48~0.55 g O2/d之间;各植物体系COD、NH4＋-N耗氧量在0.41~0.46 g O2/d之间;植物净泌氧量在0.02~0.12 g O2/d之间。植物泌氧量与COD、NH4＋-N耗氧量呈显著正相关关系。若应用人工湿地处理城镇生活污水,各植物体系COD最大去除负荷在3.81~4.35 g/（m2.d）之间,NH4＋-N最大去除负荷在0.83~0.95 g/（m2.d）之间,最大水力负荷在1.65~1.89 cm/d之间。Typha orientalis,Phragmites australis and Scirpus validus were cultivated in the static water to evaluate their capacity of oxygen release and pollutant removal.Oxygen release from plants and oxygen demand for the degradation of pollutants in this experiment were calculated and their relationship was also analyzed.Results showed that the capacity of oxygen release from Phragmites australis was the highest,followed by Typha orientalis and Scirpus crassipes.The rate of oxygen release of Phragmites australis from per fresh plant mass and per unit wetland surface area from was 3.36 mg O2/（g·d） and 4.35 g O2/（m2·d）,respectively.Aquatic plants played an important role in the removal of pollutants in constructed wetlands.The average removal rates of COD ranged from 3.46 to 3.77 g/（m2·d）,NH＋4-N from 0.07 to 0.13 g/（m2·d）,TN from 0.25 to 0.27 g/（m2·d）,TP 0.09 g/（m2·d）,and all of them were higher than the control.The total amount of oxygen release from planted units ranged from 0.48 to 0.55 g O2/d,and the oxygen demand for the degradation of COD and NH＋4-N was from 0.41 to 0.46 g O2/d.The net amount of oxygen release from planted units ranged from 0.02 to 0.12 g O2/d.A significant positive correlation existed between the oxygen release of plants and the oxygen demand for the degradation of COD and NH＋4-N.If constructed wetland was built to treat urban sewage,the potential degradation loading of COD and NH＋4-N would range from 3.81 to 4.35 g/（m2·d） and 0.83 to 0.95 g/（m2·d）,respectively.The maximum hydraulic loading would be between 1.65 and 1.89 cm/d.

关 键 词：泌氧能力 去除效果 污染物降解 耗氧量 

分 类 号：X703.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]