羽毛针禾(Stipagrostis pennata)营养器官解剖结构及其生态适应性特征  

Study on Anatomical Structure of the Vegetation Organs and Ecological Adaptability of Stipagrostis pennata

作　　者：韩彩霞[1] 王建明[2] 邱菊辉[1] 涂锦娜[1] 杨岩[1] 王绍明[1] 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学生命科学学院,新疆石河子832000 [2]伊犁师范学院,新疆伊犁835000

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2010年第5期755-759,共5页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：国家重大基础研究前期研究专项(2004CCA02800);国家自然科学基金项目(30660031)

摘　　要：通过对荒漠环境中羽毛针禾营养器官解剖结构的研究,结果表明:营养器官的抗旱和防风固沙结构特征明显,主要表现在根系发达,其3～4层外皮层细胞壁明显加厚,变为厚壁细胞,靠近内皮层的薄壁细胞间有大的细胞间隙,原生木质部束数多(25原),导管和筛管多,根毛发达;不定根发生能力强;茎由多层叶鞘包裹起来,维管束丰富;叶表皮细胞外切向壁增厚,上表皮有发达的表皮毛,大型泡状细胞3～8个,维管束鞘细胞体积大,有明显的叶绿体。揭示了羽毛针禾具有典型C4植物叶的结构特征,丰富和补充了C4植物。Stipagrostis pennata is a herbage plant species growing over deserts in the Junggar Basin in north Xinjiang,it is powerful in resisting high temperature,drought and sandstorm,and is an excellent pasture of livestock,so it is of significance to study this plant species.Now some scientists are increasingly focusing on the study on the value of Stipagrostis pennata.There are some ways to study Stipagrostis pennata from the aspects of morphologic classification,distribution regions,ecosystem,etc.,however,there is no the study on the anatomical structure of Stipagrostis pennata for revealing its resistibility to harsh environment.In this paper,the structure of the vegetative organs of Stipagrostis pennata is studied.The results reveal that the structure of the vegetative organs of Stipagrostis pennata is characterized by the developed roots,3-4-layer exodermis cells,large interspace between endoderm cells,31 protoxylems,great number of vessels and sieves in roots,developed root hair,thick cells outside the endoderm,large areas of parenchyma in rhizome,dominant leaf sheath and thick cells outside leaves,a lot of thorns on leaves,more lines of bulliform cells in leaf epidermis,big cells of vascular sheath with a lot of chloroplasts,typical structure of C4 plant leaf,etc,which are of powerful characters of the plants to resist high temperature and drought and to fix sand.There are large cavities below stoma and bulliform cells,the large cavities bring about a moist microenvironment,make leaves curle under high temperature,and reduce evaporation from leaves.Stipagrostis pennata has powerful viability under severe environment.

关 键 词：羽毛针禾(Stipagrostis pennata) 营养器官 解剖结构 生态适应性 古尔班通古特沙漠 

分 类 号：Q944[生物学—植物学]