滴灌春小麦高效施肥技术试验研究  

Preliminary Study on High Efficiency Fertilization Techniques of Spring Wheat under Drip Irrigation

作　　者：曾胜和[1] 付明鑫[1] 张磊[1] 高志建[1] 何帅[1] 夏东利[2] 张荣[2] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农垦科学院水土研究所,新疆石河子832000 [2]新疆生产建设兵团农八师149团,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2010年第5期806-811,共6页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：国家"十一五"支撑计划"高效施肥关键技术研究与示范"(2008BADA4B09);兵团科技成果转化项目资助

摘　　要：在干旱区灰漠土中等肥力条件下,分析了滴施不同肥料在土壤和小麦植株体内的运行方式及不同施肥量和施肥方式对小麦的增产效应。结果表明:①小麦滴灌的最佳施肥量为,氮肥234kg/hm2,磷肥108kg/hm2,钾肥61.7kg/hm2;最佳施肥方式为,氮肥以75%滴施25%基施,磷肥75%基施25%滴施,钾肥50%基施配合50%滴施。②滴灌小麦全肥区增产效应为26.5%～41.5%,其中,氮肥35.9%,磷肥13.8%,钾肥平均增产效应8.1%。③小麦植株体内各部位氮、磷、钾的含量均随氮、磷、钾肥用量的增加有增高趋势,氮、磷、钾肥用量每增加1kg/hm2,小麦植株体内氮、磷、钾的含量分别提高9.95%,3.09%和11.26%。④壤质土壤滴施的氮肥可以随水移动,被分配到耕层湿润峰的各个部位,磷肥主要集中在0～10cm表层,钾肥移动性好于磷肥,但弱于氮肥。This paper analyzes the effects of different fertilizers and different fertilization ways on wheat yield increase under the moderate fertility of grey desert soil in an arid area,the No.149 Farm,Eight Division,Xinjiang Corps of Production and Construction,Xinjiang,China after carrying out an experiment.The results are as follows：（1） The optimal fertilizing quantities of N,P and K fertilizers with drip irrigation of spring wheat are 234 kg/hm2,108 kg/hm2 and 61.7 kg/hm2,respectively;the optimal fertilizing ways are the combinations of 75% drip fertilizing and 25% basal fertilizing of N fertilizer,75% basal fertilizing and 25% drip fertilizing of P fertilizer,and 50% basal fertilizing and 50% drip fertilizing of P fertilizer;（2） The wheat yield increase effect of the fertilizers varies in a range of 26.5%-41.5%,in which the wheat yield increase effects of N,P and K fertilizers are 35.9%,13.8% and 8.1% respectively;（3） The N,P and K contents in wheat plants are increased with increasing the applied N,P and K fertilizers,and they are increased by 9.95%,3.09% and 11.26% if the fertilizing quantities of N,P and K fertilizers are increased by 1 kg/hm2;（4） N fertilizer can be transported by irrigation water to all the depths of plough layer,P fertilizer is mainly in topsoil of 0-10 cm in depth,and the transferability of K fertilizer is higher than that of P fertilizer but lower than that of N fertilizer.

关 键 词：灰漠土 滴灌 春小麦 施肥量 

分 类 号：S512.12[农业科学—作物学]