干旱区地下滴灌对加工番茄生长的调控效应  

Study on Regulation Effect of Subsurface Drip Irrigation on the Growth of Tomato in Arid Area

作　　者：高继华[1] 马富裕[1] 崔静[1] 方志刚[1] 冯治磊[1] 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学农学院新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,新疆石河子832003

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2010年第5期812-818,共7页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30560068);国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目(2006AA100218-6);兵团科技中小企业创新计划(2006YD43)

摘　　要：通过3年的田间试验,探索地下滴灌条件下水分对加工番茄生长的调控效应。采用地表滴灌DI及地下滴灌SDI两种处理方式。地面滴灌DI1,DI2,DI3处理0～60cm土壤水分含量分别设定田间持水量的(80±5)%,(60±5)%和(40±5)%;地下滴灌SDI1,SDI2,SDI3处理灌水量及灌水时间与地面滴灌DI1,DI2,DI3相同。结果表明:加工番茄花期后水分处理对地面滴灌及地下滴灌番茄根系生物量、根长密度影响不显著,但盛果期地下滴灌处理根系生物量及根长密度显著增加,且地下滴灌处理根系分布明显比地表滴灌分布均匀;花期后地下滴灌水分亏缺处理植株地上部生长量显著低于地面滴灌相应处理,即SDI2和SDI3显著低于DI2和DI3,而盛果期则相反。适度干旱条件下,地下滴灌总体上单果重、单果数及水分利用效率都显著大于地表滴灌。在土壤水分充足条件下,地下滴灌与地表滴灌相比,对加工番茄生长发育及产量无显著影响,但在轻度干旱条件下,地下滴灌显著促进了加工番茄根系及地上部分的生长,显著提高了土壤水分利用效率,提高了加工番茄的产量。In this paper,the regulation effect of subsurface drip irrigation on the growth of tomato plants is researched after carrying out a 3-year field experiment.The irrigation ways included the surface drip irrigation（DI） and subsurface drip irrigation（SDI）,the field moisture capacities of（80 ± 5） %,（60 ± 5） % and（40 ± 5） %（DI1,DI2 and DI3） in soil depth of 0-60 cm were designed for the surface drip irrigation,and SDI1,SDI2 and SDI3 for the subsurface drip irrigation.The results show that the effects of both surface drip irrigation and subsurface drip irrigation on the biomass and length density of tomato roots were not significant after florescence,but significantly increased at full bearing stage under subsurface drip irrigation,and the distribution of tomato roots under subsurface irrigation was obviously evener than that under surface drip irrigation.The growth of overground part of tomato plants under deficient subsurface drip irrigation（SDI2 and SDI3） was obviously lower than that under deficient surface drip irrigation（DI2 and DI3） after florescence,but the situation was contrary at full bearing stage.For the moderate drought,the fruit weight,fruit number and water utilization efficiency under subsurface drip irrigation were obviously higher that that under surface drip irrigation.For the sufficient soil moisture content,there was no significant difference in the growth of tomato plants and tomato yield between subsurface drip irrigation and surface drip irrigation;for slight drought,however,subsurface drip irrigation promoted significantly the growth of roots and overground part of tomato plants,and both the water utilization efficiency and tomato yield were obviously increased.

关 键 词：地下滴灌 地表滴灌 土壤水分 根系 生物量 加工番茄 干旱区 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]