通气孔对掺气坎空腔长度影响的试验研究  

Experimental Study of the Effect of Air Vent on the Length of Cavity of Aerators

作　　者：张涛[1] 白文和 徐一民[1] 沈春颖[1] 储威威[1] 刘晓磊[3] 

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学电力工程学院,昆明650051 [2]元江县水利水电勘测设计院,云南元江653300 [3]河北省水利水电勘测设计研究院,天津300250

出　　处：《南水北调与水利科技》2010年第5期58-60,161,共4页South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science & Technology

基　　金：云南省自然科学基金(2009ZC015M);昆明理工大学科学研究基金(KKZ3200804047)

摘　　要：掺气坎空腔长度是控制掺气减蚀效果的一个重要参数。影响掺气坎空腔长度的因素众多,其中一个是空腔内负压,而空腔内负压又与通气孔的面积有关。通过水槽试验,研究了不同流量、挑坎高度、挑坎坡度、水槽底坡等因素发生变化时,通气孔面积对空腔长度的影响。试验结果表明:通气孔大小对空腔长度的影响明显,在其他条件不变时,通气孔的面积越大,形成的空腔长度就越长,但当通气孔面积大于一定数值后,空腔长度将不再增加。因此在工程中,必须保证合适的通气孔面积,以形成良好的掺气空腔,有效地完成掺气减蚀。The cavity length is an important factor to the results of cavitation damage control.There are many factors to influence on the lengths of cavity of aerators.One is the negative pressure in the cavity.The negative pressure in the cavity has some relations with the area of the air vent.By the hydraulic experiments in the flow chute with the different chute slopes and under the different flow discharges and aerator types,how the area of the air vent to affect the cavity length is investigated.The results show that the effect of the air vent area on the length of cavity is obvious.The bigger area of air vent,the longer of the length of cavity when the other hydraulic factors remain unchangeable.But when the areas of the air vent reach some values,the length of the cavity no longer increases with the increase of the air vent area.Therefore in the project,the proper air vent area is important for designing an aerator.

关 键 词：水力学试验 掺气坎 通气孔 空腔长度 

分 类 号：TV131.34[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]