洪湖低湖田改造池塘河蟹养殖技术研究  

Study on pond-culture technology of chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) in lake-reclaimed paddy of Honghu Lake

作　　者：冯唐茂[1,2] 刘家寿[1] 张堂林[1] 叶少文[1] 李钟杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水生生物研究所淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室,武汉430072 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100039

出　　处：《淡水渔业》2010年第4期66-71,共6页Freshwater Fisheries

基　　金：国家支撑计划课题-"河蟹高效绿色生产关键技术研究与示范"(2007BAD37B03);中国科学院方向课题-"淡水名优水产健康养殖技术与产业化示范"(KSCX2-YW-N-47-06);湖北省自然科学基金"湖滨池塘河蟹高效养殖技术原理与模式研究"(2009CDA108)

摘　　要：在洪湖湖滨地区筛选了4种当地主要的河蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)养殖方式,对池塘与水源的环境因子进行了监测比较,分析各因子对河蟹收获参数的影响。结果显示:7—10月中,8月水温和氨氮含量最高,各池塘水体理化指标月平均值无显著差异;各池塘水草生物量逐月急剧下降,至10月底基本消失,其月平均值与成蟹体重、回捕率及特定生长率显著负相关。高温季节是防止河蟹氨氮中毒死亡的关键时期;水草调节水体营养、稳定底质、吸附水体悬浮质的功能对河蟹存活及生长有重要作用。当地优势池塘养殖方式为:放养规格约5 g/ind.,密度16875 ind./ha,水草移栽以伊乐藻为主,搭配其它种类,覆盖率约为60%,动物性饵料投喂比例约为66%,螺蛳投喂量约3638 kg/ha。This study aims to reveal the variation features of ecological key factors which affect survival and growth of crab raised in ponds,and thus,to formulate a reasonable crab farming mode.Four culture modes were sifted and surveyed.The monthly dynamics of environmental parameters were monitored,and comparatively analyzed with the environmental parameters of waterhead.It was found that the temperature and the concentration of ammonium nitrogen were both the highest on August.There were not significant differences in hydrochemical indexes among all modes.In all ponds,the biomass of macrophytes was on the decrease,and all the submersed macrophytes finally disappeared on November.The biomass of submersed macrophytes was correlated negatively with body weight,recapture rate and SGR（specific growth rate） of the pond crabs.In a hot season,aquatic macrophytes play an important role in controlling water quality and reducing suspension of sediments in crab ponds.Based upon the results in the study,it is suggested that the better mode in the locality is characterized as follows：the average weight of stocked individual is about 5 g/ind.,the stocking density is 16875 ind./ha,the main species of aquatic macrophytes is Elodea nuttallii and coverage for about 60%,the animal based feed accounted for 66% of total and the optimal snail feeding rate is suggested to be 3638 kg/ha.

关 键 词：河蟹(Eriocheir sinensis) 低湖田 池塘 养殖 

分 类 号：S968.25[农业科学—水产养殖] S964.3[农业科学—水产科学]