发展可再生能源和新能源与必须深层次思考的几个科学问题——非化石能源发展的必由之路  

Some improtant sciemtific problems for development of renewable and new energy——The only way for development of non-fossil energy

作　　者：滕吉文[1] 张永谦[1] 阮小敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,北京100029

出　　处：《地球物理学进展》2010年第4期1115-1152,共38页Progress in Geophysics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委重大专项(华北克拉通专项)(90914127)资助

摘　　要：随着高新科技的进步和经济的快速发展,对不可再生能源的需求日益巨增,而且导致了严重的环境污染和资源枯竭.基于对能源安全和环境承受的力度,在发展进程中必须调整能源消费的配置,即在广为利用化石能源的同时必须大力发展和使用可再生能源和新能源.可再生能源主要包括太阳能、风能、生物能、海洋能和氢能,而新能源则主要包括地热能、天然气水合物和核能.预计到2050年新型可再生能源的比重将会由现在的3%左右上升到40%以上,化石能源的比重将会由现在的80%降至50%左右,之后还将会降低于新型可再生能源的水平.应当说此乃人类未来可利用能源的潜在效能.然而在这种发展进程中人类则又必须对生态平衡、环境污染、气候变暖、冰山熔化与全球变化及对营造人类良好生活与生存空间给予切实的关注.Along with the progress of high technology and the rapid development of economy, the demand for non-renewable is energy growing very fast. It has caused serious environmental pollution and the exhaustion of resources. Based on the energy security and environment endurance, we must adjust the configuration of energy consumption. We should make great efforts to develop and use the renewable energy and new energy, meanwhile to widely use fossil energy. Renewable energy sources mainly include solar energy, wind energy, bioenergy, ocean energy and hydrogen energy. And new energy sources are mainly geothermal energy, gas hydrates and nuclear power. We predicat that the proportion of renewable energy, currently about 3%, will be up more than 40% in 2050, and the proportion of fossil energy will decreasefrom the current 80% to 50% in 2050. In the use of energy in the future, we should also pay attention to ecological balance, environmental pollution, global warming, melting glaciers and building good life and living space.

关 键 词：能源消耗 可再生能源 新能源 能源配置 必由之路 

分 类 号：P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]