红火蚁与黑头酸臭蚁对不同食物资源的竞争  

Interspecific competition between the red imported fire ant,Solenopsis invicta Buren and the ghost ant,Tapinoma melanocephalum (F.) for different food resources

作　　者：郑基焕[1] 张润杰[2] 

机构地区：[1]广东省昆虫研究所,广州510260 [2]中山大学昆虫学研究所,广州510275

出　　处：《环境昆虫学报》2010年第3期312-317,共6页Journal of Environmental Entomology

基　　金：广东省科学院青年基金项目(qnjj200803);国家科技支撑计划项目(2005BA529A06)

摘　　要：红火蚁Solenopsis invicta Buren与黑头酸臭蚁Tapinoma melanocephalum(F.)在不同食物资源上的竞争的实验结果表明:红火蚁与黑头酸臭蚁对鸡蛋诱饵的竞争最为激烈,当二者同时出现在鸡蛋诱饵时,红火蚁取胜并占有食物诱饵的比例为53%,略高于黑头酸臭蚁(47%),但二者的占有率没有显著的差异(P>0.05)。两种蚂蚁对蜂蜜和花生油诱饵表现出不同的喜好性。红火蚁喜好花生油食物诱饵,而黑头酸臭蚁喜好糖类食物诱饵。红火蚁在鸡蛋和花生油诱饵上的工蚁召集量平均分别为269头和219头,显著高于在蜂蜜诱饵上的平均工蚁数量,仅为16头;且对鸡蛋和花生油诱饵诱饵的占有率显著高于蜂蜜诱饵。黑头酸臭蚁在鸡蛋和蜂蜜诱饵上的工蚁召集量平均分别为240头和219头,显著高于在花生油诱饵的工蚁数量,为10头以下;且对鸡蛋和蜂蜜诱饵诱饵的占有率显著高于花生油诱饵。Field study on interspecific competition for different food resources between Solenopsis invicta Buren and the Ghost ant, Tapinoma melanocephalum Fabricius, showed that the sharpest conflict occurred on egg bait. The dominant proportion of egg baits, at which two species occurred simultaneously, by S. invicta （53%） was not significantly different to that by T. melanocephalum （47%）. As with the other two types of baits, S. invicta preferred to peanut oil bait, while T. melanocephalum preferred to honey bait. Average recruitment of S. invicta to egg bait and peanut oil bait reached 269 and 219 individuals respectively, both significantly higher than that to honey bait, 16; and the percentage of baits dominated of the former two types of baits was higher than that of honey bait. Average recruitment of T. melanocephalum to egg bait （240 individuals） and honey bait （219 individuals）, were both significantly higher than that to peanut oil bait （below 10 individuals）; so were the percentage of baits dominant proportion.

关 键 词：红火蚁 黑头酸臭蚁 种间竞争 食物资源 

分 类 号：Q968.1[生物学—昆虫学]