聚氨酯弹性体/纳米二氧化硅协同改性聚氯乙烯及其力学性能  

Cooperatively modified polyvinyl chloride with polyurethane elastomer/nano-silica composite and its mechanical properties

作　　者：王士财[1] 张晓东[1] 楼涛[1] 佘希林[1] 李志国[1] 

机构地区：[1]青岛大学化学化工与环境学院,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《合成橡胶工业》2010年第5期382-386,共5页China Synthetic Rubber Industry

摘　　要：用聚氨酯(PU)弹性体/纳米SiO2复合材料协同改性聚氯乙烯(PVC),用反应挤出一步法成型工艺制备了PU弹性体/纳米SiO2/PVC复合材料,对挤出速率和温度进行了考察,并对复合材料力学性能的影响因素进行了研究。结果表明,制备该复合材料的最佳工艺条件是螺杆转速为40～50r/min、挤出机均化段温度为180～190℃;用分散于液化二异氰酸酯中的纳米SiO2制备的复合材料的性能优于用分散于聚醚二元醇中的纳米SiO2;PU弹性体和纳米SiO2能协同增韧PVC,两者质量比为5/1时增韧改性的效果最佳。当PU弹性体/纳米SiO2/PVC(质量比)为5/1/20时,复合材料的综合力学性能最优,冲击强度达到45.6kJ/m2,拉伸强度为50.3MPa。Polyvinyl chloride （PVC） was coopera- tively modified with polyurethane （PU） elastomer/ nano-SiO2composites, and PU elastomer/nano-SiO2/ PVC composites were prepared by one-step reactive extrusion technology on the basis of investigating ex- trusion rotate speed and extrusion temperature, and the effect factors of mechanical properties of the composites were also studied. The results showed that the best process conditions of preparing the composites were that extrusion rotate speed was 40 - 50 r/min, extrusion temperature was 180 -190 ℃ ; The properties of the composites prepared by nano- SiO2 dispersed in liquefied diisocyanate were superior to those prepared by nano-SiO2 dispersed in polyether diol; PU elastomer and nano-SiO2 were able to toughen PVC cooperatively, and the optimum tough- ening effectiveness was acquired when PU elasto- mer/nano-SiO2 （mass ratio） was 5/1. The general mechanical properties of the composites were the best when PU elastomer/nano-SiOJPVC （mass ratio） was 5/1/20, with the impact strength of 45.6 kJ/m2 and tensile strength of 50.3 MPa.

关 键 词：聚氨酯弹性体 纳米二氧化硅 聚氯乙烯 增韧 协同改性 

分 类 号：TQ334.1[化学工程—橡胶工业]