明亮熊蜂·中华蜜蜂和意大利蜜蜂为温室草莓授粉的行为观察  

Behavior of Bombus lucorum,Apis cerana cerana and Apis mellifera ligustica as Pollinator for Strawberry Grown in Greenhouse

作　　者：杨甫[1] 王凤鹤[1] 徐希莲[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院农业科技信息研究所,北京100097

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2010年第20期10711-10713,共3页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：北京市科委"农村科技协调员支撑服务工程"(Z0909050-1040904-5);北京市农业技术试验示范项目(20070608);"蜜蜂授粉应用关键配套技术研究与示范"课题

摘　　要：[目的]综合评价明亮熊蜂、中华蜜蜂和意大利蜜蜂3蜂种对温室草莓的授粉效率,更有效地利用蜜蜂为大棚草莓授粉。[方法]采用2m×2m样方观测3种授粉蜂的行为,测定其出巢温度、日活动时间、访花频率、单花停留时间、花粉移出率、柱头花粉沉降数目及授粉效果等,并对3种授粉蜂的授粉成本进行比较。[结果]整个花期3种蜂均十分活跃,明亮熊蜂较快适应环境,意大利蜜蜂阴天不访花;活动起点温度明亮熊蜂和中华蜜蜂的低于意大利蜜蜂;日活动时间明亮熊蜂和中华蜜蜂较长;花粉移出率明亮熊蜂比中华蜜蜂和意大利蜜蜂的高,但访花频率中华蜜蜂比意大利蜜蜂和明亮熊蜂的高;3种蜂的柱头花粉沉降数目没有显著区别;明亮熊蜂与中华蜜蜂授粉后的草莓平均单产、平均畸形果率差异不显著,而与意大利蜜蜂的差异极显著;意大利蜜蜂、中华蜜蜂成本基本相同,显著比明亮熊蜂成本低。[结论]中华蜜蜂为冬季及早春温度较低状态下大棚草莓授粉最佳。[Objective] The bees＇ pollination for strawberry grown in greenhouse would be better utilized through the integrated evaluation of the efficiency of B.lucorum,A.cerana cerana and A.mellifera ligustica on the pollination for strawberry.[Method] The temperature at its leaving nest,the time of its daily activity,the frequency of its visiting flower,the duration of its staying on the flower/each visit,the ratio of pollen removal from anther,the number of stigma deposition and pollen-dropping,the pollination efficiency and so on were measured through the investigation of the behavior of 3 species of bees in the plot（2 m×2 m）,and the cost of 3 species of pollinators was compared.[Results] The 3 species of bees＇ activity was lively during the all flowering period.B.lucorum can be quickly adaptable to the environment and A.mellifera ligustica did not work in cloudy day.The initial temperature of B.lucorum and A.cerana cerana＇s working was lower than that of A.mellifera ligustica.The daily working time of B.lucorum and A.cerana cerana was longer than that of A.mellifera ligustica.The ratio of pollen removal from anther of B.lucorum was higher than that of A.cerana cerana and A.mellifera ligustica.The frequency of the visiting flower of A.cerana cerana was many more than that of A.mellifera ligustica and B.lucorum.There was no significant difference in the number of stigma deposition and pollen-dropping of 3 species of bees.There was no significant difference in the average yield and the rate of fruit malformation of the strawberry pollinated by between B.lucorum and A.cerana cerana,but significant difference with A.mellifera ligustica.The cost of A.mellifera ligustica and A.cerana cerana＇s pollination was basically same,which was lower than that of B.lucorum.[Conclusion] A.cerana cerana was the most efficient pollinator for the strawberry grown in greenhouse in the condition of low temperature such as early spring and winter.

关 键 词：传粉效率 访花频率 柱头花粉沉降 温室草莓 

分 类 号：Q969[生物学—昆虫学]