物质生产与自由活动--《1857-1858年经济学手稿》对《德意志意识形态》的一个重大发展  

Material Production and Free Activity:A big step from German Ideology toward Grundrisse

作　　者：姚顺良[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学马克思主义社会理论研究中心教授、博导,南京210093

出　　处：《南京社会科学》2010年第9期76-83,共8页Nanjing Journal of Social Sciences

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“资本主义研究哲学方法论的嬗变:从马克思主义到西方马克思主义”(06JJD710005)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：物质生产与自由活动的关系问题,是唯物史观和整个马克思主义中的一个重大问题。在这个问题上,马克思经历了一个否定之否定的过程:从二者的对立到二者的同一,再到二者的对立统一。其中第一次否定是在《德意志意识形态》中完成的,标志着人本主义范式的最终解体和历史唯物主义的创立;第二次否定则发生在《1857-1858年经济学手稿》中,标志着历史唯物主义自身的发展和成熟。正是从《1857-1858年经济学手稿》中"物质生产→自由活动"的上升逻辑出发,马克思在《1863-1865年经济学手稿》中明确提出了"自由王国既以必然王国为基础又在其彼岸"的思想。这一思想,代表了唯物史观的最高水平,为我们把握唯物史观的实质,划清其同"经济决定论"庸俗理解的界限,回击人本主义和后马克思思潮对唯物史观的"颠覆",提供了重要的理论依据。The relationship between ＂material production＂ and ＂free activity＂ constitutes an important part of Historical Materialism and even of Marxist theory as a whole.Marx＇s reflections on this issue have evolved through a process of ＂the negation of negation＂,i.e.from ＂opposite＂ to ＂identity＂ and finally to ＂unity of opposites＂.This paper argues that while the first ＂negation＂ is achieved in German Ideology,symbolizing the decomposition of paradigm of humanism,and the second ＂negation＂ occurs in Grundrisse,signifying that Historical Materialism has arrived at a much more mature point.In Grundrisse,Marx＇s logic makes its way progressively from ＂material production＂ to ＂free activity＂.Based on this logic,Marx puts forward a proposition in Economic Manuscripts（1863-1865） that on the one hand,the realm of freedom depends on the realm of natural necessity,but it lies by its very nature beyond the sphere of the realm of necessity on the other.Such argument,represents the highest level of Historical Materialism,which helps us to make a clear distinction from the vulgar ＂Economic Determination＂ and to rebut the subversion of Historical Materialism by Humanism and so called post-Marxism.

关 键 词：物质生产 自由活动 必然王国 自由王国 

分 类 号：A811[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]