CIMMYT玉米种质在广西玉米育种中的应用  

Application of CIMMYT germplasm in maize breeding in Guangxi

作　　者：陈天渊 卢森权 李彦青 黄咏梅 吴翠荣 李慧峰 马琳 

机构地区：[1]广西玉米研究所,南宁530227

出　　处：《广西农业科学》2010年第8期745-748,共4页Guangxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广西自然科学基金项目(桂科自0832219)

摘　　要：自20世纪70年代以来,广西从国际小麦玉米改良中心(CIMMYT)引进大量玉米种质资源,通过对这些种质资源进行筛选鉴定,筛选出表现较好的墨白1号(Tuxpeno1)和墨白94(Tuxpeno1 P.B.C15)、墨黄9号(Amarillo Dentado-2)、CML161、CML285、CML268等;经改良利用,选育出一系列适宜广西种植的玉米品种如玉美头102、玉美头168、桂单系列、桂顶系列以及黄粒群体等。今后,需继续加强外来种质的引进、保存和利用,保持引进种质的原有种性,利用其有利性状改良本地品种;加强对外来玉米种质进行遗传类群划分,为自交系的改良、杂交优势的组配以及基础材料的选择提供理论依据,以减少育种上的盲目性;协调对外来种质高产和优质性状的筛选,并利用分子生物技术对这些性状进行改良创新,为选育高产优质玉米品系提供优异材料;通过与国内其他研究单位的合作与交流,加强玉米种质的交换,并进行异地培育或鉴定,扩大玉米种质的遗传变异,从而提高玉米新品种的选育效率。A great number of maize germplasm resources from CIMMYT have been introduced in Guangxi since 1970s.Through screening and identification of these germplasm resources,some fine maize materials,viz.,Tuxpeno,Tuxpeno1 P.B.C15,Amarillo Dentado-2,CML161,CML285 and CML268 were obtained.By further improvement in these materials,a series of maize varieties suitable for planting in Guangxi were bred.These include Yumeitou 102,Yumeitou 168,varieties of Guidan and Guiding series,yellow grain population,etc.More emphasis would be given on the introduction and application of external germplasm in the future.By keeping the original characteristics of external germplasm,their superior traits must be exploited to improve inferior traits of native maize varieties.The genetic characterization of external maize germplasm should be carried out in order to provide information for improvement of inbred line,combination of heterosis and selection of basic materials.The screening of high-yield and good-grain quality traits in external germplasm should be coordinated and these traits should be improved by molecular biological technology to provide fine materials in breeding high-yield and good-grain quality maize varieties or lines.Through cooperation and communication with other research institutes,the exchange of maize germplasm should be practiced to broaden genetic variation for enhancing breeding efficiency of new maize varieties.

关 键 词：玉米种质 育种 应用 CIMMYT 广西 

分 类 号：S513.024[农业科学—作物学]